{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2952034878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060276","title":"A Data Augmentation Strategy Based on Simulated Samples for Ship Detection in RGB Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"A Data Augmentation Strategy Based on Simulated Samples for Ship Detection in RGB Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2952034878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060276","mag":"2952034878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/276/pdf?version=1560425260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/276/pdf?version=1560425260","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041395379","display_name":"Yiming Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-7726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-7726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074328280","display_name":"Zhichao Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-5123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nan Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-0141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-0141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.8578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92839024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"276","last_page":"276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7783569097518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6879265308380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.639472246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6181334257125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5840821266174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4749850332736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4268520772457123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42157670855522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4203704595565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clipping","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","score":0.41019803285598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40843576192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40067058801651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07666325569152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07277423143386841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7783569097518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6879265308380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.639472246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6181334257125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5840821266174316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4749850332736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4268520772457123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42157670855522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4203704595565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776848632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853463","display_name":"Clipping (morphology)","level":2,"score":0.41019803285598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40843576192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40067058801651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07666325569152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07277423143386841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/276/pdf?version=1560425260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65e23d47434f4fb0b1ff9c243a8d86e3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65e23d47434f4fb0b1ff9c243a8d86e3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 276 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/6/276/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060276","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/276/pdf?version=1560425260","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4919677100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6337465855","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QC201706802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355248390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61675051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7810971956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2952034878.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2044738244","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2442495293","https://openalex.org/W2460583509","https://openalex.org/W2625829240","https://openalex.org/W2744690378","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2790452209","https://openalex.org/W2804413060","https://openalex.org/W2884419823","https://openalex.org/W2896536916","https://openalex.org/W2903036816","https://openalex.org/W2920654954","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963459241","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6742938482"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035130982","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W3198205105","https://openalex.org/W2956000802","https://openalex.org/W3198227724","https://openalex.org/W110878719","https://openalex.org/W2098726873","https://openalex.org/W3183431084","https://openalex.org/W1523583400","https://openalex.org/W2122112927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,101],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,21,45],"data":[6,94,181],"augmentation":[7,95,182],"method":[8,37],"for":[9],"ship":[10,13,60,108],"detection.":[11,61],"Inshore":[12],"detection":[14,176],"using":[15,104],"optical":[16],"remote":[17,106],"sensing":[18,107],"imaging":[19],"is":[20,51,152,164,177],"challenging":[22],"task":[23],"owing":[24],"to":[25,53,76,110],"an":[26],"insufficient":[27],"number":[28,47],"of":[29,48,59,64,89,154,162],"training":[30,49,114],"samples.":[31,79,115],"Although":[32],"the":[33,55,78,87,90,112,129,149,170],"multilayered":[34],"neural":[35,139],"network":[36,140],"has":[38],"achieved":[39],"excellent":[40],"results":[41,172],"in":[42,100],"recent":[43],"research,":[44],"large":[46],"samples":[50],"indispensable":[52],"guarantee":[54],"accuracy":[56],"and":[57,74,125,157],"robustness":[58],"The":[62,116],"majority":[63],"researchers":[65],"adopt":[66],"such":[67],"strategies":[68],"as":[69,132],"clipping,":[70],"scaling,":[71],"color":[72],"transformation,":[73],"flipping":[75],"enhance":[77],"Nevertheless,":[80],"these":[81],"methods":[82],"do":[83],"not":[84],"essentially":[85],"increase":[86],"quality":[88],"dataset.":[91],"A":[92,135,160],"novel":[93],"strategy":[96],"was":[97,146],"thus":[98],"proposed":[99],"study":[102],"by":[103,121,148],"simulated":[105,117,156],"images":[109,118,124],"augment":[111],"positive":[113],"are":[119],"generated":[120],"true":[122,158],"background":[123],"three-dimensional":[126],"models":[127],"on":[128,144],"same":[130],"scale":[131],"real":[133],"ships.":[134],"faster":[136],"region-based":[137],"convolutional":[138],"(Faster":[141],"R-CNN)":[142],"based":[143],"Res101netwok":[145],"trained":[147],"dataset,":[150],"which":[151],"composed":[153],"both":[155],"images.":[159],"series":[161],"experiments":[163],"designed":[165],"under":[166],"small":[167],"sample":[168],"conditions;":[169],"experimental":[171],"show":[173],"that":[174],"better":[175],"obtained":[178],"with":[179],"our":[180],"strategy.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-25T08:39:21.599409","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
