{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2947926242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060246","title":"Harmonising the OGC Standards for the Built Environment: A CityGML Extension for LandInfra","display_name":"Harmonising the OGC Standards for the Built Environment: A CityGML Extension for LandInfra","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2947926242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060246","mag":"2947926242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060246","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/246/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/246/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016572093","display_name":"Kavisha Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5010-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kavisha Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5010-6175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026844810","display_name":"Anna Labetski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-1220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Labetski","raw_affiliation_strings":["3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-1220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070342940","display_name":"Ken Arroyo Ohori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9863-0152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Arroyo Ohori","raw_affiliation_strings":["3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9863-0152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047673695","display_name":"Hugo Ledoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-8654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Ledoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1251-8654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012278795","display_name":"Jantien Stoter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-7279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jantien Stoter","raw_affiliation_strings":["3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-7279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"3D Geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 134, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016572093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":1.4859,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80453752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"246","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citygml","display_name":"CityGML","score":0.9890358448028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.6917314529418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6251668334007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markup-language","display_name":"Markup language","score":0.6074535250663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.5386372208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5155777335166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37428537011146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3577248454093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.26023226976394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2288520634174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18695226311683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.18322238326072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.17590466141700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xml","display_name":"XML","score":0.17063358426094055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776744651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093900","display_name":"CityGML","level":3,"score":0.9890358448028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6917314529418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6251668334007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37045","display_name":"Markup language","level":3,"score":0.6074535250663757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.5386372208595276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5155777335166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37428537011146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3577248454093933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.26023226976394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2288520634174347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18695226311683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.18322238326072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17590466141700745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8797682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2115","display_name":"XML","level":2,"score":0.17063358426094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060246","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/246/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ddbd9e977389499abea462f4930be64f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ddbd9e977389499abea462f4930be64f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 246 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/6/246/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:2a95e1ef-1cdb-4f33-8258-9d6f90b4adc7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2a95e1ef-1cdb-4f33-8258-9d6f90b4adc7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8060246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060246","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/6/246/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4560669023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"677312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8463843226","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13740","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8761702932","display_name":"Urban modelling in higher dimensions: embedding generalisation of 3D data in a 4D model","funder_award_id":"677312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947926242.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2947926242.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3232862","https://openalex.org/W63904739","https://openalex.org/W1520790884","https://openalex.org/W1558558494","https://openalex.org/W1626181388","https://openalex.org/W1957069348","https://openalex.org/W2076571612","https://openalex.org/W2114119364","https://openalex.org/W2136337903","https://openalex.org/W2529196058","https://openalex.org/W2752444769","https://openalex.org/W2766186857","https://openalex.org/W2766996818","https://openalex.org/W2782026586","https://openalex.org/W2788261116","https://openalex.org/W2793851618","https://openalex.org/W2796662887","https://openalex.org/W2798099645","https://openalex.org/W2801107316","https://openalex.org/W2806377715","https://openalex.org/W2811417127","https://openalex.org/W2885916670","https://openalex.org/W2890265529","https://openalex.org/W2890521495","https://openalex.org/W2890602055","https://openalex.org/W2892084891","https://openalex.org/W2894154207","https://openalex.org/W2902928220","https://openalex.org/W2917763923","https://openalex.org/W2957496545","https://openalex.org/W3102285533","https://openalex.org/W4402259883","https://openalex.org/W6754045119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091198297","https://openalex.org/W1983691250","https://openalex.org/W3083303282","https://openalex.org/W2725759460","https://openalex.org/W2890311788","https://openalex.org/W2770972094","https://openalex.org/W2810695915","https://openalex.org/W4387451354","https://openalex.org/W2057799657","https://openalex.org/W2053164535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"relatively":[1],"new":[2],"Open":[3],"Geospatial":[4],"Consortium":[5],"(OGC)":[6],"standard":[7],"LandInfra":[8,49,73,83],"documents":[9],"in":[10,40,75],"its":[11],"data":[12],"model":[13],"land":[14],"and":[15,36,89,122],"civil":[16],"engineering":[17],"infrastructure":[18],"features.":[19],"It":[20],"has":[21,31],"a":[22,53,65,91],"Geography":[23],"Markup":[24],"Language":[25],"(GML)":[26],"implementation,":[27],"OGC":[28],"InfraGML,":[29],"which":[30,131],"essentially":[32],"no":[33],"software":[34,110],"support":[35],"is":[37],"rarely":[38],"used":[39,93],"practice.":[41],"In":[42,77],"order":[43],"to":[44,71,84,111,117,128],"share":[45],"the":[46,59,104],"benefits":[47],"of":[48],"(and":[50,119],"InfraGML)":[51],"with":[52],"wider":[54],"public,":[55],"we":[56,80],"have":[57],"created":[58],"Infra":[60],"Application":[61],"Domain":[62],"Extension":[63],"(ADE),":[64],"CityGML":[66,118],"ADE":[67,97],"that":[68],"allows":[69],"us":[70],"store":[72],"features":[74],"CityGML.":[76],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"semantically":[81],"map":[82],"CityGML,":[85],"describe":[86],"our":[87,96,120],"ADE,":[88],"discuss":[90],"few":[92],"cases":[94],"where":[95],"can":[98],"be":[99],"useful":[100],"for":[101,103],"applications":[102],"built":[105],"environment.":[106],"We":[107],"also":[108],"provide":[109],"automatically":[112],"convert":[113],"datasets":[114],"from":[115],"InfraGML":[116,137],"ADE),":[121],"vice":[123],"versa,":[124],"as":[125,127],"well":[126],"validate":[129],"them,":[130],"will":[132],"help":[133],"practitioners":[134],"generate":[135],"real-world":[136],"datasets.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}