{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944321317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050220","title":"Spatial Interaction Modeling of OD Flow Data: Comparing Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) and OLS (GWOLSR)","display_name":"Spatial Interaction Modeling of OD Flow Data: Comparing Geographically Weighted Negative Binomial Regression (GWNBR) and OLS (GWOLSR)","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944321317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050220","mag":"2944321317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8050220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/5/220/pdf?version=1557313336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/5/220/pdf?version=1557313336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077289658","display_name":"Lianfa Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2927-7318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianfa Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430077, China","School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053802537","display_name":"Jianquan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","display_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hstj355","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianquan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geography and Environmental Management, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-9009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geography and Environmental Management, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102924626","display_name":"Cheng Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6993-240X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102924626"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":13.7225,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9848714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"5","first_page":"220","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-binomial-distribution","display_name":"Negative binomial distribution","score":0.7715610265731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.7297289967536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinary-least-squares","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","score":0.6256625652313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.5663066506385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.5360925793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5125365257263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-dependence","display_name":"Spatial dependence","score":0.4893624186515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.46298494935035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.4520074427127838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.44299039244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38763171434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3639217019081116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199335787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743364","display_name":"Negative binomial distribution","level":3,"score":0.7715610265731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.7297289967536926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.6256625652313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5663066506385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.5360925793647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5125365257263184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138695830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial dependence","level":2,"score":0.4893624186515808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.46298494935035706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.4520074427127838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.44299039244651794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38763171434402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3639217019081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8050220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/5/220/pdf?version=1557313336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-space.mmu.ac.uk:622951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/view/authors/a7ec07d30b33145212e119fe0d37d937.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401617","display_name":"e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11983389","host_organization_name":"Manchester Metropolitan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11983389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f94201568ed14fdb92084c89b733cdf7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f94201568ed14fdb92084c89b733cdf7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 8, Iss 5, p 220 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/32501643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Spatial_Interaction_Modeling_of_OD_Flow_Data_Comparing_Geographically_Weighted_Negative_Binomial_Regression_GWNBR_and_OLS_GWOLSR_/32501643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/5/220/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8050220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/5/220/pdf?version=1557313336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1132674670","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u65c5\u6e38\u653b\u7565\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5185\u90e8\u6e38\u5ba2\u6d41\u52a8\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5f62\u6210\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u6caa\u5b81\u676d\u4e3a\u4f8b","funder_award_id":"41571134","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4682641972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871137, 41571134, & 41571124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5773530237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41571124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7179876822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944321317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2944321317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W326635671","https://openalex.org/W1599043334","https://openalex.org/W1634255221","https://openalex.org/W1768653114","https://openalex.org/W1931640477","https://openalex.org/W1972199060","https://openalex.org/W1990651982","https://openalex.org/W1993723510","https://openalex.org/W2015560304","https://openalex.org/W2018474251","https://openalex.org/W2018727665","https://openalex.org/W2024752791","https://openalex.org/W2026148184","https://openalex.org/W2030903867","https://openalex.org/W2035953399","https://openalex.org/W2036785686","https://openalex.org/W2047120335","https://openalex.org/W2047822617","https://openalex.org/W2047827381","https://openalex.org/W2056151530","https://openalex.org/W2077500534","https://openalex.org/W2079113219","https://openalex.org/W2082170866","https://openalex.org/W2095158660","https://openalex.org/W2100963312","https://openalex.org/W2114727873","https://openalex.org/W2122063556","https://openalex.org/W2125391033","https://openalex.org/W2139299762","https://openalex.org/W2143032577","https://openalex.org/W2154077228","https://openalex.org/W2167212973","https://openalex.org/W2168693847","https://openalex.org/W2290628956","https://openalex.org/W2293786206","https://openalex.org/W2294868480","https://openalex.org/W2321311140","https://openalex.org/W2465955644","https://openalex.org/W2467447398","https://openalex.org/W2508708614","https://openalex.org/W2583284627","https://openalex.org/W2732091321","https://openalex.org/W2776370812","https://openalex.org/W2789770968","https://openalex.org/W2794396578","https://openalex.org/W2898699930","https://openalex.org/W2903759044","https://openalex.org/W3122944104","https://openalex.org/W3125414147","https://openalex.org/W4300111274","https://openalex.org/W6659849045","https://openalex.org/W6677141444","https://openalex.org/W6719871539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164006520","https://openalex.org/W2023585375","https://openalex.org/W1974790811","https://openalex.org/W2099730451","https://openalex.org/W4294533716","https://openalex.org/W1967454768","https://openalex.org/W4287981119","https://openalex.org/W2384138653","https://openalex.org/W604326272","https://openalex.org/W2033908114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,29,66,84],"the":[2,44,144],"emergence":[3],"of":[4,38,46,78,93],"new":[5],"big":[6],"data":[7,10,30,74,113],"technology,":[8],"mobility":[9],"such":[11],"as":[12,75],"flows":[13,95],"between":[14,96],"origin":[15],"and":[16,25,35,49,56,88,98,103,125],"destination":[17],"areas":[18],"have":[19,32,62],"increasingly":[20],"become":[21],"more":[22],"available,":[23],"cheaper,":[24],"faster.":[26],"These":[27],"improvements":[28],"infrastructure":[31],"boosted":[33],"spatial":[34,47,90,123,128],"temporal":[36],"modeling":[37,92,106,137],"OD":[39,68,94],"(origin-destination)":[40],"flows,":[41],"which":[42],"require":[43],"consideration":[45],"dependence":[48],"heterogeneity.":[50],"Both":[51],"ordinary":[52],"least":[53],"square":[54],"(OLS)":[55],"negative":[57],"binomial":[58],"(NB)":[59],"regression":[60],"methods":[61,138],"been":[63],"used":[64],"extensively":[65],"calibrate":[67],"flow":[69,73],"models":[70],"by":[71],"processing":[72],"different":[76],"types":[77],"dependent":[79],"variables.":[80],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"aims":[83],"compare":[85],"both":[86,135],"global":[87,146],"local":[89,136],"interaction":[91],"traditional":[97],"geographically":[99],"weighted":[100],"OLS":[101],"(GWOLSR)":[102],"NB":[104],"(GWNBR)":[105],"methods.":[107],"From":[108],"this":[109],"study":[110],"with":[111],"empirical":[112],"it":[114,131],"is":[115,132],"concluded":[116],"that":[117,134],"GWNBR":[118],"outperforms":[119],"GWOLSR":[120],"in":[121,126],"reducing":[122],"autocorrelation":[124],"detecting":[127],"non-stationarity.":[129],"Although,":[130],"noted":[133],"show":[139],"improvement":[140],"when":[141],"compared":[142],"against":[143],"equivalent":[145],"models.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
