{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2925494353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040183","title":"Multi-Constrained Optimization Method of Line Segment Extraction Based on Multi-Scale Image Space","display_name":"Multi-Constrained Optimization Method of Line Segment Extraction Based on Multi-Scale Image Space","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2925494353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040183","mag":"2925494353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8040183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/4/183/pdf?version=1556267556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/4/183/pdf?version=1556267556","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080077644","display_name":"Yiyuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-0285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069802156","display_name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-2030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15062923","display_name":"Tianjin Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2td559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-2030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15062923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019119184","display_name":"Kevin Tansey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-8081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128104","display_name":"National Centre for Earth Observation","ror":"https://ror.org/0375jbm11","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210128104"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Tansey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leicester Institute for Space and Earth Observation, Centre for Landscape &amp; Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9116-8081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leicester Institute for Space and Earth Observation, Centre for Landscape &amp; Climate Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128104","https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101689079","display_name":"Sana Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-1426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-1426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371024","display_name":"Fan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-9845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering College, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering College, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101766812","display_name":"Haimeng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-1489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129996945","display_name":"Guilin University of Aerospace Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00h1gc758","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129996945"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haimeng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Remote Sensing, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Remote Sensing, Guilin University of Aerospace Technology, Guilin 541004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129996945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731950","display_name":"Lei Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration &amp; Its Applications, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100731950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.3062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59108527,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"183","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space","display_name":"Scale space","score":0.6830545663833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-segment","display_name":"Line segment","score":0.6742419600486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5553916692733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5454049110412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.5315874218940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5108639597892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5048771500587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4754852056503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4709749221801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.4304477572441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3431205153465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3242446184158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2863611578941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.23747631907463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09298679232597351}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99102927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058184","display_name":"Scale space","level":4,"score":0.6830545663833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182124507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166154","display_name":"Line segment","level":2,"score":0.6742419600486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5553916692733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5454049110412598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5315874218940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5108639597892761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5048771500587463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4754852056503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4709749221801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.4304477572441101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3431205153465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3242446184158325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2863611578941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.23747631907463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09298679232597351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8040183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/4/183/pdf?version=1556267556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3555fe05c0be458a91acbb7a6a11850b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3555fe05c0be458a91acbb7a6a11850b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 8, Iss 4, p 183 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/10232459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Multi-Constrained_Optimization_Method_of_Line_Segment_Extraction_Based_on_Multi-Scale_Image_Space/10232459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lra.le.ac.uk:2381/44515","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/4/183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402365","display_name":"Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","host_organization_name":"University of Leicester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/8/4/183/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi8040183","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040183","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/8/4/183/pdf?version=1556267556","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1113162435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41571432","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2925494353.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964573040","https://openalex.org/W1987385489","https://openalex.org/W1989211028","https://openalex.org/W2004470237","https://openalex.org/W2008471589","https://openalex.org/W2021278996","https://openalex.org/W2052969028","https://openalex.org/W2053982447","https://openalex.org/W2075314620","https://openalex.org/W2079819565","https://openalex.org/W2088873538","https://openalex.org/W2088888418","https://openalex.org/W2097468198","https://openalex.org/W2099034771","https://openalex.org/W2121453698","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2145158371","https://openalex.org/W2154233136","https://openalex.org/W2155912251","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2529656272","https://openalex.org/W2538759162","https://openalex.org/W2732128893","https://openalex.org/W2744035962","https://openalex.org/W2754445312","https://openalex.org/W2791765404","https://openalex.org/W2996400654","https://openalex.org/W6652678823","https://openalex.org/W6677824105"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115686965","https://openalex.org/W2768918307","https://openalex.org/W2110031805","https://openalex.org/W2040020606","https://openalex.org/W4362659915","https://openalex.org/W2050926897","https://openalex.org/W2113071088","https://openalex.org/W2750926009","https://openalex.org/W2146817246","https://openalex.org/W2925494353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image-based":[0],"line":[1,15,30,50,68,80,88,99,119,124,129,132,157,162,194],"segment":[2,16,51,69,100,163],"extraction":[3,17,52],"plays":[4],"an":[5],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,40,82],"a":[9,48,66,72,97],"wide":[10],"range":[11],"of":[12,155,183],"applications.":[13,43],"Traditional":[14],"algorithms":[18],"focus":[19],"on":[20,55,145],"the":[21,27,93,108,140,152,179],"accuracy":[22],"and":[23,86,102,110,113,126,165,175,181,191],"efficiency,":[24],"without":[25],"considering":[26],"integrity.":[28],"Serious":[29],"segmentation":[31],"fracture":[32,123,156],"problems":[33],"caused":[34],"by":[35],"image":[36,57,74,84],"quality":[37],"will":[38],"result":[39],"poor":[41],"subsequent":[42],"To":[44],"solve":[45],"this":[46],"problem,":[47],"multi-constrained":[49],"method,":[53,71],"based":[54,144],"multi-scale":[56,73],"space,":[58],"is":[59,76,105],"presented.":[60],"Firstly,":[61],"using":[62,139],"Gaussian":[63],"down-sampling":[64],"with":[65,107,134,160],"classical":[67],"detection":[70],"space":[75],"constructed":[77],"to":[78,121],"extract":[79,189],"segments":[81,89,120,125,133],"each":[83],"scale":[85],"all":[87],"are":[90,137],"projected":[91],"onto":[92],"original":[94],"image.":[95],"Then,":[96],"new":[98],"optimization":[101,154],"purification":[103],"strategy":[104],"proposed":[106,185],"horizontal":[109],"vertical":[111],"distances":[112],"angle":[114],"geometric":[115],"constraint":[116,142],"relationships":[117],"between":[118],"merge":[122],"delete":[127],"redundant":[128],"segments.":[130,158,195],"Finally,":[131],"adjacent":[135],"positions":[136],"optimized":[138],"grayscale":[141],"relationship,":[143],"normalized":[146],"cross-correlation":[147],"similarity":[148],"criterion":[149],"for":[150],"realizing":[151],"second":[153],"Compared":[159],"mainstream":[161],"detector":[164],"edge":[166],"drawing":[167],"lines":[168],"methods,":[169],"experimental":[170],"results":[171],"(i.e.,":[172],"indoor,":[173],"outdoor,":[174],"aerial":[176],"images)":[177],"indicate":[178],"validity":[180],"superiority":[182],"our":[184],"methods":[186],"which":[187],"can":[188],"longer":[190],"more":[192],"complete":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
