{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2807720124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060219","title":"Ghost City Extraction and Rate Estimation in China Based on NPP-VIIRS Night-Time Light Data","display_name":"Ghost City Extraction and Rate Estimation in China Based on NPP-VIIRS Night-Time Light Data","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2807720124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060219","mag":"2807720124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/6/219/pdf?version=1529039613","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/6/219/pdf?version=1529039613","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070396037","display_name":"Wei Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3475-1550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687883","display_name":"Hong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-8273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080223212","display_name":"Xiaobo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1728-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040780405","display_name":"Mingguo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3783-8363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingguo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3783-8363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Remote Sensing Big Data Application, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101979415","display_name":"Yang Yu-li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0006-0690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuli Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of civil engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of civil engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040780405","https://openalex.org/A5100687883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993","https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.1256,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86399554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"6","first_page":"219","last_page":"219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9646999835968018,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-infrared-imaging-radiometer-suite","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","score":0.6722480654716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.6052994728088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.6040629744529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.5961654782295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.5812278985977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5449425578117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5092247724533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.492227703332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita","display_name":"Per capita","score":0.46754565834999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.463886559009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4532261788845062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4277879297733307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.24640706181526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.14321306347846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"Economic growth","score":0.09279128909111023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948273","display_name":"Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite","level":3,"score":0.6722480654716492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6052994728088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6040629744529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5961654782295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5812278985977173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5449425578117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5092247724533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.492227703332901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.46754565834999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.463886559009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4532261788845062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4277879297733307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.24640706181526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.14321306347846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.09279128909111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/6/219/pdf?version=1529039613","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:80024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90008801.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/290452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/290452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c05ae8861654254be181e233e823de4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c05ae8861654254be181e233e823de4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 7, Iss 6, p 219 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/265821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/265821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/7/6/219/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7060219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7060219","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/6/219/pdf?version=1529039613","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8054363624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771453","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323711","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807720124.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2807720124.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203803447","https://openalex.org/W1969223470","https://openalex.org/W1969727573","https://openalex.org/W1972129788","https://openalex.org/W1974927016","https://openalex.org/W1975642551","https://openalex.org/W1980342605","https://openalex.org/W1985687698","https://openalex.org/W1991995284","https://openalex.org/W2004126227","https://openalex.org/W2016943428","https://openalex.org/W2017193277","https://openalex.org/W2025411670","https://openalex.org/W2025943354","https://openalex.org/W2032109089","https://openalex.org/W2033753176","https://openalex.org/W2039963844","https://openalex.org/W2050571985","https://openalex.org/W2052897258","https://openalex.org/W2060629584","https://openalex.org/W2069624290","https://openalex.org/W2074734571","https://openalex.org/W2088001257","https://openalex.org/W2091793895","https://openalex.org/W2092606279","https://openalex.org/W2102913282","https://openalex.org/W2113136966","https://openalex.org/W2137791397","https://openalex.org/W2139465499","https://openalex.org/W2151083036","https://openalex.org/W2155349182","https://openalex.org/W2221257734","https://openalex.org/W2262485180","https://openalex.org/W2281328383","https://openalex.org/W2324390334","https://openalex.org/W2349740915","https://openalex.org/W2369067534","https://openalex.org/W2558334789","https://openalex.org/W2562978865","https://openalex.org/W2581341326","https://openalex.org/W2589797206","https://openalex.org/W2649137640","https://openalex.org/W2738463500","https://openalex.org/W3150806421","https://openalex.org/W4242878162","https://openalex.org/W4246938550","https://openalex.org/W6642288624","https://openalex.org/W6657196232","https://openalex.org/W6675639041","https://openalex.org/W6681020011","https://openalex.org/W6693021981","https://openalex.org/W6705181104","https://openalex.org/W6730342211","https://openalex.org/W6740145252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036912241","https://openalex.org/W3120304345","https://openalex.org/W3107349184","https://openalex.org/W2607083411","https://openalex.org/W4401703849","https://openalex.org/W2789322733","https://openalex.org/W2894113199","https://openalex.org/W2130837422","https://openalex.org/W2155460368","https://openalex.org/W3094474419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,48,80],"ghost":[1,19,82,150,179,205],"city":[2,20,83,162,180,206],"phenomenon":[3],"is":[4,108,199],"a":[5,32,109],"serious":[6],"problem":[7],"resulting":[8],"from":[9],"the":[10,18,40,72,75,94,102,115,119,134,156,168,175,192],"rapid":[11],"urbanization":[12],"process":[13],"in":[14,71,78,88,90,155,183],"China.":[15,79],"Estimation":[16],"of":[17,74,97,105,124,138,170,178,194],"rate":[21,84],"(GCR)":[22],"can":[23],"provide":[24],"information":[25],"about":[26],"vacant":[27,195],"dwellings.":[28],"This":[29,186],"paper":[30],"developed":[31],"methodology":[33],"to":[34,203],"quantitatively":[35],"evaluate":[36],"GCR":[37,76],"values":[38,77],"at":[39],"national":[41],"scale":[42],"using":[43],"multi-resource":[44],"remote":[45],"sensing":[46],"data.":[47],"Suomi":[49],"National":[50],"Polar-Orbiting":[51],"Partnership\u2013Visible":[52],"Infrared":[53],"Imaging":[54],"Radiometer":[55],"(NPP-VIIRS)":[56],"night-time":[57],"light":[58],"data":[59,68,190],"and":[60,118,133,174],"moderate":[61],"resolution":[62],"imaging":[63],"spectroradiometer":[64],"(MODIS)":[65],"land":[66],"cover":[67],"were":[69],"used":[70],"evaluation":[73],"average":[81,135],"(AGCR)":[85],"was":[86],"35.1%":[87],"China":[89],"2013.":[91],"Shanghai":[92],"had":[93],"smallest":[95],"AGCR":[96,104,117],"21.7%,":[98],"while":[99],"Jilin":[100],"has":[101],"largest":[103],"47.27%.":[106],"There":[107],"significant":[110],"negative":[111],"correlation":[112],"between":[113],"both":[114],"provincial":[116],"per":[120],"capita":[121],"disposable":[122],"income":[123],"urban":[125,171,196],"households":[126],"(R":[127,141],"=":[128,142],"\u22120.659,":[129],"p":[130,144],"<":[131,145],"0.01)":[132],"selling":[136],"prices":[137],"commercial":[139],"buildings":[140],"\u22120.637,":[143],"0.01).":[146],"In":[147],"total,":[148],"31":[149],"cities":[151],"are":[152,164],"mainly":[153,165],"concentrated":[154],"economically":[157],"underdeveloped":[158],"inland":[159],"provinces.":[160],"Ghost":[161],"areas":[163,181],"located":[166],"on":[167],"edge":[169],"built-up":[172],"areas,":[173,197],"spatial":[176],"pattern":[177],"changed":[182],"different":[184],"regions.":[185],"approach":[187],"combines":[188],"statistical":[189],"with":[191],"distribution":[193],"which":[198],"an":[200],"effective":[201],"method":[202],"capture":[204],"information.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}