{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2792716760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7020065","title":"Visually-Enabled Active Deep Learning for (Geo) Text and Image Classification: A Review","display_name":"Visually-Enabled Active Deep Learning for (Geo) Text and Image Classification: A Review","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2792716760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7020065","mag":"2792716760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7020065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7020065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/2/65/pdf?version=1519385707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/2/65/pdf?version=1519385707","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101423489","display_name":"Liping Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9240-5501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liping Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Institute for CyberScience, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Institute for CyberScience, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019756314","display_name":"Alan M. MacEachren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-7323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan M. MacEachren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Institute for CyberScience, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0356-7323","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Institute for CyberScience, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009542542","display_name":"Prasenjit Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-9497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasenjit Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023928176","display_name":"Teresa Onorati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teresa Onorati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911-Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911-Legan\u00e9s, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019756314","https://openalex.org/A5101423489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.0754,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96159475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"65","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.7413703799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6995932459831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6087144613265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.5839908123016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5798553824424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.560033917427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.558024525642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.5350936651229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-analytics","display_name":"Cultural analytics","score":0.49276378750801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analytics","display_name":"Visual analytics","score":0.4507538974285126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/framing","display_name":"Framing (construction)","score":0.43306058645248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34867069125175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.34425246715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-analytics","display_name":"Semantic analytics","score":0.26856958866119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17331141233444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.11736038327217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10021033883094788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.7413703799247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6995932459831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6087144613265991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5839908123016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5798553824424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.560033917427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.558024525642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.5350936651229858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545860419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5193251","display_name":"Cultural analytics","level":5,"score":0.49276378750801086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59732488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528440","display_name":"Visual analytics","level":3,"score":0.4507538974285126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169087156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2131593","display_name":"Framing (construction)","level":2,"score":0.43306058645248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34867069125175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.34425246715545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148792806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449046","display_name":"Semantic analytics","level":4,"score":0.26856958866119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17331141233444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.11736038327217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10021033883094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167379230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026884","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7020065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7020065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/2/65/pdf?version=1519385707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:earchivo____::574e7ac23d0ef1b07b44ab0f9e3968b4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/28068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f1f61bd454d74c2da0bf70c83b068e10","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f1f61bd454d74c2da0bf70c83b068e10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 7, Iss 2, p 65 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/7/2/65/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7020065","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 7; Issue 2; Pages: 65","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7020065","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7020065","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/2/65/pdf?version=1519385707","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309370","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310419","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2792716760.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":198,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30283642","https://openalex.org/W55768394","https://openalex.org/W65459701","https://openalex.org/W66588809","https://openalex.org/W123226248","https://openalex.org/W124008658","https://openalex.org/W868043366","https://openalex.org/W1494184549","https://openalex.org/W1501005121","https://openalex.org/W1506965148","https://openalex.org/W1514707997","https://openalex.org/W1522930027","https://openalex.org/W1528361845","https://openalex.org/W1533011499","https://openalex.org/W1553262910","https://openalex.org/W1580375566","https://openalex.org/W1590983731","https://openalex.org/W1764053936","https://openalex.org/W1774848501","https://openalex.org/W1845402413","https://openalex.org/W1921293667","https://openalex.org/W1946093182","https://openalex.org/W1958291604","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1967542092","https://openalex.org/W1972508834","https://openalex.org/W1975719446","https://openalex.org/W1978633512","https://openalex.org/W1987569881","https://openalex.org/W1988732650","https://openalex.org/W1990062657","https://openalex.org/W1992492534","https://openalex.org/W1992996148","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2005422315","https://openalex.org/W2006728375","https://openalex.org/W2007098590","https://openalex.org/W2007241592","https://openalex.org/W2010005543","https://openalex.org/W2011674654","https://openalex.org/W2012878613","https://openalex.org/W2013326020","https://openalex.org/W2016405781","https://openalex.org/W2029517229","https://openalex.org/W2034025776","https://openalex.org/W2036150674","https://openalex.org/W2038865564","https://openalex.org/W2040615194","https://openalex.org/W2047257058","https://openalex.org/W2049434052","https://openalex.org/W2060099436","https://openalex.org/W2065873970","https://openalex.org/W2071643468","https://openalex.org/W2080021732","https://openalex.org/W2081418428","https://openalex.org/W2082593161","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098758111","https://openalex.org/W2100664567","https://openalex.org/W2101927381","https://openalex.org/W2104848109","https://openalex.org/W2106568252","https://openalex.org/W2107131609","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2108779687","https://openalex.org/W2109378394","https://openalex.org/W2114315281","https://openalex.org/W2114691401","https://openalex.org/W2114804859","https://openalex.org/W2114968414","https://openalex.org/W2115651492","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2120329225","https://openalex.org/W2123229215","https://openalex.org/W2127314673","https://openalex.org/W2127723919","https://openalex.org/W2128319850","https://openalex.org/W2134357733","https://openalex.org/W2134663338","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2136636278","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2139573966","https://openalex.org/W2140535827","https://openalex.org/W2141115795","https://openalex.org/W2141708418","https://openalex.org/W2146194630","https://openalex.org/W2146960954","https://openalex.org/W2150045166","https://openalex.org/W2150766729","https://openalex.org/W2151401338","https://openalex.org/W2152052288","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2153819437","https://openalex.org/W2157888595","https://openalex.org/W2160543135","https://openalex.org/W2161078926","https://openalex.org/W2161336914","https://openalex.org/W2161391345","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2170505850","https://openalex.org/W2171671120","https://openalex.org/W2176950688","https://openalex.org/W2180877453","https://openalex.org/W2200124539","https://openalex.org/W2201011793","https://openalex.org/W2215149882","https://openalex.org/W2216045586","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251803266","https://openalex.org/W2252272516","https://openalex.org/W2300445845","https://openalex.org/W2326077701","https://openalex.org/W2340382781","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2342049278","https://openalex.org/W2343514605","https://openalex.org/W2345597971","https://openalex.org/W2401118110","https://openalex.org/W2408920689","https://openalex.org/W2412588858","https://openalex.org/W2471138382","https://openalex.org/W2517066960","https://openalex.org/W2518897583","https://openalex.org/W2527276559","https://openalex.org/W2540392403","https://openalex.org/W2563271136","https://openalex.org/W2582523608","https://openalex.org/W2583408446","https://openalex.org/W2587299461","https://openalex.org/W2592594462","https://openalex.org/W2596574850","https://openalex.org/W2604282398","https://openalex.org/W2605111497","https://openalex.org/W2608596745","https://openalex.org/W2613610841","https://openalex.org/W2613800022","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2619736447","https://openalex.org/W2624139643","https://openalex.org/W2625478334","https://openalex.org/W2736688973","https://openalex.org/W2750714283","https://openalex.org/W2751746637","https://openalex.org/W2753713840","https://openalex.org/W2755090963","https://openalex.org/W2756319556","https://openalex.org/W2759474451","https://openalex.org/W2760295842","https://openalex.org/W2763367528","https://openalex.org/W2764083974","https://openalex.org/W2770636058","https://openalex.org/W2770820547","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2790930661","https://openalex.org/W2869444156","https://openalex.org/W2902396486","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2951911250","https://openalex.org/W2962707464","https://openalex.org/W2963324331","https://openalex.org/W2963742748","https://openalex.org/W2964161691","https://openalex.org/W2964200170","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W3122078363","https://openalex.org/W4210997624","https://openalex.org/W4213403162","https://openalex.org/W4230030242","https://openalex.org/W4233518571","https://openalex.org/W4234016251","https://openalex.org/W4248122611","https://openalex.org/W4250416739","https://openalex.org/W4252598243","https://openalex.org/W4252861488","https://openalex.org/W6604890367","https://openalex.org/W6629567984","https://openalex.org/W6629804831","https://openalex.org/W6631307659","https://openalex.org/W6634343353","https://openalex.org/W6635080210","https://openalex.org/W6647676880","https://openalex.org/W6679091853","https://openalex.org/W6681858501","https://openalex.org/W6683640196","https://openalex.org/W6683813891","https://openalex.org/W6685936606","https://openalex.org/W6686604339","https://openalex.org/W6691678659","https://openalex.org/W6713468891","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6733086729","https://openalex.org/W6733686052","https://openalex.org/W6744358115","https://openalex.org/W6754505892","https://openalex.org/W6759166333","https://openalex.org/W6766353837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401352344","https://openalex.org/W2148525144","https://openalex.org/W2071949039","https://openalex.org/W2779621916","https://openalex.org/W1813318416","https://openalex.org/W1991092611","https://openalex.org/W4237274094","https://openalex.org/W202848325","https://openalex.org/W3173715284","https://openalex.org/W2365527467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,93],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"recent":[3,138,178],"research":[4,213],"on":[5,17,182,224],"active":[6,148,152,157,167,170,202],"learning":[7,27,153,168,203],"for":[8,101,136],"(geo)":[9,88],"text":[10,89,119],"and":[11,37,87,90,120,127,162,169,185,207,210,217],"image":[12,91,121],"classification,":[13],"with":[14,154,204,222,230],"an":[15],"emphasis":[16,223],"methods":[18,53,105],"that":[19,226],"combine":[20],"visual":[21,150,155,205],"analytics":[22,206],"and/or":[23],"deep":[24,158,171,208],"learning.":[25,172],"Deep":[26],"has":[28,64,73],"attracted":[29],"substantial":[30],"attention":[31],"across":[32],"many":[33],"domains":[34,112],"of":[35,51,58,103,124,189,196,200],"science":[36],"practice,":[38],"because":[39],"it":[40],"can":[41],"find":[42],"intricate":[43],"patterns":[44],"in":[45,77,111],"big":[46,56,228],"data;":[47],"but":[48],"successful":[49],"application":[50,218],"the":[52,65,69,142,197],"requires":[54],"a":[55,134],"set":[57],"labeled":[59],"data.":[60],"Active":[61],"learning,":[62,149,159,209],"which":[63],"potential":[66],"to":[67,97,106,108,132],"address":[68,227],"data":[70,86,229],"labeling":[71],"challenge,":[72],"already":[74],"had":[75],"success":[76],"geospatial":[78,231],"applications":[79],"such":[80,113],"as":[81,114],"trajectory":[82],"classification":[83],"from":[84,118,215],"movement":[85],"classification.":[92],"review":[94,188],"is":[95,175],"intended":[96],"be":[98],"particularly":[99],"relevant":[100,143],"extension":[102],"these":[104],"GISience,":[107],"support":[109],"work":[110,144],"geographic":[115],"information":[116],"retrieval":[117],"repositories,":[122],"interpretation":[123],"spatial":[125],"language,":[126],"related":[128],"geo-semantics":[129],"challenges.":[130],"Specifically,":[131],"provide":[133],"structure":[135],"leveraging":[137],"advances,":[139],"we":[140,192],"group":[141],"into":[145],"five":[146],"categories:":[147],"analytics,":[151,156],"plus":[160],"GIScience":[161],"Remote":[163],"Sensing":[164],"(RS)":[165],"using":[166],"Each":[173],"category":[174],"exemplified":[176],"by":[177],"influential":[179],"work.":[180],"Based":[181],"this":[183],"framing":[184],"our":[186],"systematic":[187],"key":[190],"research,":[191],"then":[193],"discuss":[194],"some":[195],"main":[198],"challenges":[199],"integrating":[201],"point":[211],"out":[212],"opportunities":[214],"technical":[216],"perspectives\u2014for":[219],"application-based":[220],"opportunities,":[221],"those":[225],"components.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2018-03-29T00:00:00"}
