{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2781862395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7010009","title":"A New Geographical Cluster View on Passenger Vehicle Purchasing in Chinese Cities","display_name":"A New Geographical Cluster View on Passenger Vehicle Purchasing in Chinese Cities","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2781862395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7010009","mag":"2781862395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7010009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7010009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/1/9/pdf?version=1514790712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/1/9/pdf?version=1514790712","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047055086","display_name":"Daqian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-9578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daqian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103070302","display_name":"Wei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6240-5706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037489139","display_name":"Jia Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-7517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102716817","display_name":"Valdosta State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjcaq85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102716817"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geosciences Program, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4558-7517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geosciences Program, Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA 31698, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102716817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053505538","display_name":"Chunyan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3049-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127843","display_name":"First Automotive Works (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0353t4m91","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Company Ltd., Changchun 130013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Company Ltd., Changchun 130013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102394071","display_name":"Xin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0477-4420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101301","display_name":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology","ror":"https://ror.org/01a9z1q73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101301"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103070302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":0.8808,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81022506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"9","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11536","display_name":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11536","display_name":"Consumer Retail Behavior Studies","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.7983127236366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.6776983737945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing","display_name":"Purchasing","score":0.6489422917366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.613764762878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5837199687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5465490818023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5450910925865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.5099390745162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.47384220361709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.45309287309646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purchasing-power","display_name":"Purchasing power","score":0.4401794970035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.30455026030540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13623502850532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12476241588592529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.7983127236366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.6776983737945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778813691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369832","display_name":"Purchasing","level":2,"score":0.6489422917366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.613764762878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5837199687957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5465490818023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5450910925865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.5099390745162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.47384220361709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.45309287309646606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271969","display_name":"Purchasing power","level":2,"score":0.4401794970035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.30455026030540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13623502850532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12476241588592529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165556158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83937","display_name":"Keynesian economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7010009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7010009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/1/9/pdf?version=1514790712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/7/1/9/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7010009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 7; Issue 1; Pages: 9","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi7010009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7010009","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/7/1/9/pdf?version=1514790712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5169717216","display_name":"\u57ce\u5e02\u72af\u7f6a\u70ed\u70b9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u6f14\u5316\u673a\u7406\u53ca\u72af\u7f6a\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u957f\u6625\u5e02\u4e3a\u4f8b","funder_award_id":"41771161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G544769996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y6H2091001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781862395.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2781862395.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1465350898","https://openalex.org/W1480324970","https://openalex.org/W1952426229","https://openalex.org/W1967924419","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1988244499","https://openalex.org/W1990335105","https://openalex.org/W1996623822","https://openalex.org/W2007597412","https://openalex.org/W2019538844","https://openalex.org/W2029470144","https://openalex.org/W2029521860","https://openalex.org/W2038361943","https://openalex.org/W2044416507","https://openalex.org/W2046369891","https://openalex.org/W2046747025","https://openalex.org/W2046980678","https://openalex.org/W2064927380","https://openalex.org/W2069755908","https://openalex.org/W2096775067","https://openalex.org/W2098187377","https://openalex.org/W2120461804","https://openalex.org/W2129873347","https://openalex.org/W2141376827","https://openalex.org/W2147346813","https://openalex.org/W2173585118","https://openalex.org/W2263107505","https://openalex.org/W2414459394","https://openalex.org/W2732883235","https://openalex.org/W2752180380","https://openalex.org/W4237215818","https://openalex.org/W6628408318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2351217280","https://openalex.org/W2086836292","https://openalex.org/W2354083748","https://openalex.org/W2357949222","https://openalex.org/W2338005294","https://openalex.org/W2954733677","https://openalex.org/W2033865166","https://openalex.org/W2393625522","https://openalex.org/W2104192539","https://openalex.org/W1575721881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,60,71],"important":[2],"to":[3,17,116,120,148],"understand":[4],"urban":[5,26],"auto":[6],"markets":[7,27,99],"from":[8,94],"a":[9],"spatial":[10,87],"perspective.":[11],"Specifically,":[12],"the":[13,21,24,31,39,46,66,75,80,83,90,95,121,130,144],"question":[14],"of":[15,23,33,51,82,89,97,164],"how":[16],"simplify":[18],"and":[19,44,65,105,139,167],"visualize":[20],"relatedness":[22,78],"complicated":[25],"arises.":[28],"Based":[29],"on":[30,74],"concept":[32],"\u2018product":[34],"space\u2019,":[35],"this":[36],"research":[37],"explores":[38],"similarity":[40,76],"between":[41,68],"Chinese":[42],"cities":[43,70,101,111,154],"identifies":[45],"city":[47],"clusters":[48,157],"using":[49],"data":[50],"automobile":[52,58,98],"sales":[53],"in":[54,79,143,155,162],"2012.":[55],"A":[56],"city\u2019s":[57],"market":[59],"shared":[61],"by":[62],"different":[63,156],"manufacturers":[64],"proximity":[67,114,123],"two":[69,84],"evaluated":[72],"based":[73],"or":[77],"structure":[81],"markets.":[85],"The":[86,107],"structures":[88],"\u2018city":[91],"clusters\u2019":[92],"derived":[93],"proximities":[96],"among":[100],"are":[102,128],"mapped,":[103],"examined,":[104],"interpreted.":[106],"analysis":[108],"indicates":[109],"that":[110],"with":[112],"higher":[113],"tend":[115,147],"be":[117],"similar.":[118],"According":[119],"intercity":[122],"index,":[124],"four":[125],"geographical":[126],"city-clusters":[127],"identified:":[129],"Southeast":[131],"developed":[132],"city-cluster,":[133,136,138],"North":[134],"China":[135],"Northeast":[137],"West":[140],"city-cluster.":[141],"Cities":[142],"same":[145],"cluster":[146],"share":[149],"many":[150],"common":[151],"characteristics":[152],"while":[153],"exhibit":[158],"obvious":[159],"variances,":[160],"especially":[161],"terms":[163],"economic":[165],"status":[166],"dominant":[168],"automakers.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2018-01-12T00:00:00"}