{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2621320005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060161","title":"A Multiple Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Indoor Room Optimal Spatial Allocation","display_name":"A Multiple Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Indoor Room Optimal Spatial Allocation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2621320005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060161","mag":"2621320005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6060161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/6/161/pdf?version=1498037930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/6/161/pdf?version=1498037930","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022815251","display_name":"Lina Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-9941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111863979","display_name":"Xu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-7251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5389-7251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057571908","display_name":"A\u2010Xing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-0460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110512006","display_name":"Tianhe Chi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhe Chi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111863979"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":1.8014,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83955651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"6","first_page":"161","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.8570294380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.710870623588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6664933562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5370466113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-intelligence","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","score":0.5196824669837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5071620941162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.505657434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-allocation","display_name":"Location-allocation","score":0.4474959075450897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony","display_name":"Ant colony","score":0.4457568824291229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3722553551197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37123903632164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22852668166160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15613630414009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11501777172088623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.8570294380187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.710870623588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6664933562278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5370466113090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119487961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863960","display_name":"Swarm intelligence","level":3,"score":0.5196824669837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5071620941162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.505657434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778212267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664764","display_name":"Location-allocation","level":2,"score":0.4474959075450897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796575","display_name":"Ant colony","level":3,"score":0.4457568824291229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3722553551197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37123903632164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22852668166160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15613630414009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11501777172088623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6060161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/6/161/pdf?version=1498037930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/6/6/161/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 6; Issue 6; Pages: 161","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6060161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6060161","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/6/161/pdf?version=1498037930","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336006","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336007","display_name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338150","display_name":"Open Research Fund of Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2621320005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2621320005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979004882","https://openalex.org/W1979564670","https://openalex.org/W1990786231","https://openalex.org/W2008817322","https://openalex.org/W2021701427","https://openalex.org/W2026600480","https://openalex.org/W2041068007","https://openalex.org/W2041109518","https://openalex.org/W2066343007","https://openalex.org/W2099627672","https://openalex.org/W2106599325","https://openalex.org/W2107941094","https://openalex.org/W2116115717","https://openalex.org/W2144716896","https://openalex.org/W2159200188","https://openalex.org/W2258510295","https://openalex.org/W2297395784","https://openalex.org/W2338927559","https://openalex.org/W2364251480","https://openalex.org/W2463843416","https://openalex.org/W2482729627","https://openalex.org/W4229858801","https://openalex.org/W6697634807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347969533","https://openalex.org/W2612694818","https://openalex.org/W2155027171","https://openalex.org/W2016475942","https://openalex.org/W2388217074","https://openalex.org/W2394153495","https://openalex.org/W2363465025","https://openalex.org/W2352212117","https://openalex.org/W2300135944","https://openalex.org/W192709900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"room":[1,33,54,61,217],"optimal":[2,34,55,215],"allocation":[3,35,62],"is":[4,81,108,113,146,209],"of":[5,89,97,153,185],"great":[6],"importance":[7],"in":[8,148,199],"geographic":[9],"information":[10],"science":[11],"(GIS)":[12],"applications":[13],"because":[14],"it":[15],"can":[16],"generate":[17],"effective":[18,147,211],"indoor":[19,32,53,60,65,104,216],"spatial":[20,218],"patterns":[21],"that":[22,85,174,205],"improve":[23],"human":[24],"behavior":[25],"and":[26,69,121,142,193,201],"efficiency.":[27],"However,":[28],"few":[29],"research":[30],"concerning":[31],"has":[36],"been":[37],"reported.":[38],"Using":[39],"an":[40,44,49,59,109,210],"office":[41],"building":[42],"as":[43],"example,":[45],"this":[46],"paper":[47],"presents":[48],"integrative":[50],"approach":[51,208],"for":[52,213],"allocation,":[56],"which":[57,107,203],"includes":[58],"optimization":[63,74,79,188,196],"model,":[64],"connective":[66,105],"map":[67],"design,":[68],"a":[70,82,150,157],"multiple":[71],"ant":[72,186],"colony":[73,187],"(MACO)":[75],"algorithm.":[76],"The":[77,103,171],"mathematical":[78],"model":[80,84],"minimized":[83],"integrates":[86],"three":[87,133,180],"types":[88,184],"area-weighted":[90],"costs":[91],"while":[92],"considering":[93],"the":[94,168,175,206],"minimal":[95],"requirements":[96],"each":[98],"department":[99],"to":[100,166],"be":[101],"allocated.":[102],"map,":[106],"essential":[110],"data":[111],"input,":[112],"abstracted":[114],"by":[115],"all":[116],"floor":[117],"plan":[118],"space":[119],"partitions":[120],"connectivity":[122],"between":[123],"every":[124],"two":[125],"adjacent":[126],"floors.":[127],"A":[128,161],"MACO":[129,176],"algorithm":[130,177],"coupled":[131],"with":[132,178],"strategies,":[134],"namely,":[135],"(1)":[136],"heuristic":[137],"information,":[138],"(2)":[139],"two-colony":[140],"rules,":[141],"(3)":[143],"local":[144],"search,":[145],"achieving":[149],"feasible":[151],"solution":[152],"satisfactory":[154],"quality":[155,200],"within":[156],"reasonable":[158],"computation":[159],"time.":[160],"case":[162],"study":[163],"was":[164],"conducted":[165],"validate":[167],"proposed":[169,207],"approach.":[170],"results":[172],"show":[173],"these":[179],"strategies":[181],"outperforms":[182],"other":[183],"(ACO),":[189],"Genetic":[190],"Algorithm":[191],"(GA),":[192],"particle":[194],"swarm":[195],"(PSO)":[197],"algorithms":[198],"stability,":[202],"demonstrates":[204],"technique":[212],"generating":[214],"patterns.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2017-06-09T00:00:00"}