{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2607595839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6050135","title":"Indoor Fingerprint Positioning Based on Wi-Fi: An Overview","display_name":"Indoor Fingerprint Positioning Based on Wi-Fi: An Overview","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2607595839","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6050135","mag":"2607595839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6050135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6050135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/5/135/pdf?version=1493380266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/5/135/pdf?version=1493380266","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042102709","display_name":"Shi-Xiong XIA","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shixiong Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330523","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-6102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038687122","display_name":"Guan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-9817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Mine Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109297856","display_name":"Mingjun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358031","display_name":"Zhaohui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, No. 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038687122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":14.9058,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":250,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9927904,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"5","first_page":"135","last_page":"135"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.8386441469192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.755838930606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-technology","display_name":"Positioning technology","score":0.7362357974052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6826542615890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.5850955843925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.5637338161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.48753735423088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.25126391649246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2503330111503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17891806364059448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.8386441469192505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.755838930606842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778075934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning technology","level":2,"score":0.7362357974052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6826542615890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.5850955843925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.5637338161468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.48753735423088074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25126391649246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2503330111503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17891806364059448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6050135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6050135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/5/135/pdf?version=1493380266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/6/5/135/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6050135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 6; Issue 5; Pages: 135","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6050135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6050135","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/5/135/pdf?version=1493380266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2607595839.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2607595839.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192647492","https://openalex.org/W1524861674","https://openalex.org/W1542766183","https://openalex.org/W1593120400","https://openalex.org/W1599976967","https://openalex.org/W1630879738","https://openalex.org/W1640080809","https://openalex.org/W1645560203","https://openalex.org/W1658317533","https://openalex.org/W1790231888","https://openalex.org/W1963996689","https://openalex.org/W1982482322","https://openalex.org/W1984290282","https://openalex.org/W1992665345","https://openalex.org/W2003738415","https://openalex.org/W2012226585","https://openalex.org/W2012874521","https://openalex.org/W2013288096","https://openalex.org/W2032542906","https://openalex.org/W2037719923","https://openalex.org/W2038672465","https://openalex.org/W2039498983","https://openalex.org/W2046128567","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2054602086","https://openalex.org/W2054799039","https://openalex.org/W2059087443","https://openalex.org/W2065853866","https://openalex.org/W2068546584","https://openalex.org/W2072158021","https://openalex.org/W2072476227","https://openalex.org/W2074429525","https://openalex.org/W2077287651","https://openalex.org/W2100989187","https://openalex.org/W2103365206","https://openalex.org/W2112805769","https://openalex.org/W2116068514","https://openalex.org/W2118099695","https://openalex.org/W2120234055","https://openalex.org/W2121304812","https://openalex.org/W2124178852","https://openalex.org/W2129042888","https://openalex.org/W2132755557","https://openalex.org/W2139144587","https://openalex.org/W2140088636","https://openalex.org/W2141080987","https://openalex.org/W2144723957","https://openalex.org/W2147623407","https://openalex.org/W2149922723","https://openalex.org/W2150371009","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2171785275","https://openalex.org/W2178046685","https://openalex.org/W2182583040","https://openalex.org/W2182786360","https://openalex.org/W2193307930","https://openalex.org/W2199535352","https://openalex.org/W2276986197","https://openalex.org/W2287252941","https://openalex.org/W2326347197","https://openalex.org/W2343284978","https://openalex.org/W2398544875","https://openalex.org/W2408343751","https://openalex.org/W2415431271","https://openalex.org/W2512501315","https://openalex.org/W2517041258","https://openalex.org/W2531101556","https://openalex.org/W2549478376","https://openalex.org/W2550697389","https://openalex.org/W2552014694","https://openalex.org/W2552911271","https://openalex.org/W2553522393","https://openalex.org/W2554491125","https://openalex.org/W2555200007","https://openalex.org/W2557014840","https://openalex.org/W2591492581","https://openalex.org/W2592789367","https://openalex.org/W3105610971","https://openalex.org/W4229762732","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6635827122","https://openalex.org/W6641355117","https://openalex.org/W6665173370","https://openalex.org/W6669933330","https://openalex.org/W6676938293","https://openalex.org/W6677153691","https://openalex.org/W6679602430","https://openalex.org/W6679640579","https://openalex.org/W6696100520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W4382175670","https://openalex.org/W4387677619","https://openalex.org/W1926767291","https://openalex.org/W2306569468","https://openalex.org/W2516568351","https://openalex.org/W2403864116","https://openalex.org/W2903896792","https://openalex.org/W4318602911","https://openalex.org/W1992168158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widely":[1,93],"applied":[2],"location-based":[3],"services":[4],"require":[5],"a":[6,17,120],"high":[7],"standard":[8],"for":[9,123],"positioning":[10,14,22,40,47,54,70,84,96],"technology.":[11],"Currently,":[12],"outdoor":[13],"has":[15],"been":[16],"great":[18],"success;":[19],"however,":[20],"indoor":[21,38,46,53,68,83,128],"technologies":[23,71,85,97],"are":[24,56,75,86,98,102,109],"in":[25,126],"the":[26,50],"early":[27],"stages":[28],"of":[29,37,67,81],"development.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"this":[32,115],"paper":[33],"provides":[34],"an":[35],"overview":[36],"fingerprint":[39,52,69,82],"based":[41,72],"on":[42,73],"Wi-Fi.":[43],"First,":[44],"some":[45,61,92],"technologies,":[48],"especially":[49],"Wi-Fi":[51,74],"technology,":[55],"introduced":[57],"and":[58,64,79,89,104],"discussed.":[59,90,110],"Second,":[60],"evaluation":[62],"metrics":[63],"influence":[65],"factors":[66],"introduced.":[76],"Third,":[77],"methods":[78],"algorithms":[80],"analyzed,":[87],"classified,":[88],"Fourth,":[91],"used":[94],"assistive":[95],"described.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"conclusions":[101],"drawn":[103],"future":[105],"possible":[106],"research":[107,116],"interests":[108],"It":[111],"is":[112],"hoped":[113],"that":[114],"will":[117],"serve":[118],"as":[119],"stepping":[121],"stone":[122],"those":[124],"interested":[125],"advancing":[127],"positioning.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2017-05-05T00:00:00"}