{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2598658943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6040102","title":"Integrating Geospatial Techniques for Urban Land Use Classification in the Developing Sub-Saharan African City of Lusaka, Zambia","display_name":"Integrating Geospatial Techniques for Urban Land Use Classification in the Developing Sub-Saharan African City of Lusaka, Zambia","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2598658943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6040102","mag":"2598658943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6040102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6040102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/4/102/pdf?version=1490870968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/4/102/pdf?version=1490870968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008773824","display_name":"Matamyo Simwanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-7410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matamyo Simwanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-7410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059202900","display_name":"Yuji Murayama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-6882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Murayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-6882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008773824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.8904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84240996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"102","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.7240114808082581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cadastre","display_name":"Cadastre","score":0.6054915189743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.5470288395881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.4826653301715851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.45878177881240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.4221842586994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.396954745054245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.3718291223049164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3460896611213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.3391568064689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.12367004156112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.11665123701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0954391360282898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7240114808082581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134207755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191072","display_name":"Cadastre","level":2,"score":0.6054915189743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5470288395881653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.4826653301715851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.45878177881240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.4221842586994171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.396954745054245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3718291223049164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3460896611213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3391568064689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.12367004156112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.11665123701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0954391360282898}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6040102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6040102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/4/102/pdf?version=1490870968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/6/4/102/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6040102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 6; Issue 4; Pages: 102","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp:00041921","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00146855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402076","display_name":"Terrestrial Environment Research Center (University of Tsukuba)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","host_organization_name":"University of Tsukuba","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6040102","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6040102","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/4/102/pdf?version=1490870968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2598658943.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121107459","https://openalex.org/W154781592","https://openalex.org/W159883374","https://openalex.org/W267351533","https://openalex.org/W825499524","https://openalex.org/W1482792445","https://openalex.org/W1491529885","https://openalex.org/W1536340909","https://openalex.org/W1633601276","https://openalex.org/W1785314841","https://openalex.org/W1972477301","https://openalex.org/W2009175701","https://openalex.org/W2010797227","https://openalex.org/W2012111704","https://openalex.org/W2034932500","https://openalex.org/W2042709218","https://openalex.org/W2046210341","https://openalex.org/W2049793200","https://openalex.org/W2057575259","https://openalex.org/W2068145475","https://openalex.org/W2099839695","https://openalex.org/W2108484574","https://openalex.org/W2109742272","https://openalex.org/W2110653042","https://openalex.org/W2119879130","https://openalex.org/W2138916851","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2144087148","https://openalex.org/W2152640741","https://openalex.org/W2158445854","https://openalex.org/W2165282790","https://openalex.org/W2188409502","https://openalex.org/W2232344483","https://openalex.org/W2276327097","https://openalex.org/W2291037605","https://openalex.org/W2339697185","https://openalex.org/W2468071989","https://openalex.org/W2735533362","https://openalex.org/W6606275845","https://openalex.org/W6609907763","https://openalex.org/W6628969388","https://openalex.org/W6629552279","https://openalex.org/W6676261910","https://openalex.org/W6681459935","https://openalex.org/W6684243969","https://openalex.org/W6686776087","https://openalex.org/W6741340082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361566382","https://openalex.org/W2114233742","https://openalex.org/W1562347873","https://openalex.org/W4247263692","https://openalex.org/W3155483442","https://openalex.org/W4214818710","https://openalex.org/W4296970743","https://openalex.org/W4205665237","https://openalex.org/W2365031108","https://openalex.org/W1898428141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,145],"most":[1],"sub-Saharan":[2],"African":[3],"(SSA)":[4],"cities,":[5],"in":[6,42,67,229],"order":[7],"to":[8,64,119,138,197,206,237],"control":[9],"the":[10,29,68,124,143,157,162],"historically":[11],"unplanned":[12,81,85],"urban":[13,19,33,207,215,234],"growth":[14],"and":[15,31,58,98,102,129,141,180,209],"stimulate":[16],"sustainable":[17,213],"future":[18,214],"development,":[20],"there":[21],"is":[22,204],"a":[23],"need":[24],"for":[25,153,166,212,226],"accurate":[26,154],"identification":[27],"of":[28,55,72,127,156,169,195,217],"past":[30],"present":[32],"land":[34,130],"use":[35,131],"(ULU).":[36],"However,":[37],"studies":[38],"addressing":[39],"ULU":[40,66,78,105,115,140,164,184,187,227],"classification":[41,228],"SSA":[43,70,230],"cities":[44,231],"are":[45],"lacking.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50,75,148],"developed":[51],"an":[52,224],"integrated":[53],"approach":[54],"remote":[56],"sensing":[57],"Geographical":[59],"Information":[60],"System":[61],"(GIS)":[62],"techniques":[63],"classify":[65,120,142],"developing":[69],"city":[71],"Lusaka.":[73,238],"First,":[74],"defined":[76],"six":[77],"classes":[79],"(i.e.,":[80],"high":[82],"density":[83,87,91,95,151],"residential;":[84,88,92,96],"low":[86,94],"planned":[89,93],"medium-high":[90],"commercial":[97],"industrial;":[99],"public":[100],"institutions":[101],"service":[103],"areas).":[104],"parcels,":[106],"created":[107,150],"using":[108],"road":[109],"networks":[110],"as":[111],"homogenous":[112],"units":[113],"separating":[114],"classes,":[116],"were":[117,189],"used":[118,161],"ULU.":[121],"We":[122,159],"utilised":[123],"combined":[125],"detail":[126],"cadastral":[128],"data":[132],"plus":[133],"high-resolution":[134],"Google":[135],"Earth":[136],"imagery":[137],"infer":[139],"parcels.":[144],"residential":[146],"ULU,":[147],"also":[149,222],"thresholds":[152],"separation":[155],"classes.":[158,185],"then":[160],"classified":[163],"parcels":[165],"post-classification":[167],"sorting":[168],"built-up":[170],"pixels":[171],"extracted":[172],"from":[173],"three":[174],"Landsat":[175],"TM/ETM+":[176],"imageries":[177],"(1990,":[178],"2000,":[179],"2010)":[181],"into":[182],"respective":[183],"Three":[186],"maps":[188,200],"produced":[190],"with":[191,232],"overall":[192],"accuracy":[193],"values":[194],"84.09%":[196],"85.86%.":[198],"The":[199,220],"provide":[201],"information":[202],"that":[203],"relevant":[205],"planners":[208],"policy":[210],"makers":[211],"planning":[216],"Lusaka":[218],"City.":[219],"study":[221],"provides":[223],"insight":[225],"complex":[233],"landscapes":[235],"similar":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
