{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592552179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030068","title":"Spatio-Temporal Change Detection of Ningbo Coastline Using Landsat Time-Series Images during 1976\u20132015","display_name":"Spatio-Temporal Change Detection of Ningbo Coastline Using Landsat Time-Series Images during 1976\u20132015","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592552179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030068","mag":"2592552179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6030068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/3/68/pdf?version=1490092628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/3/68/pdf?version=1490092628","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083447585","display_name":"Xia Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7928-8454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678574","display_name":"Yaolin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-5099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaolin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678574","display_name":"Yaolin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-5099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaolin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK","Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012444471","display_name":"Feng Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-4897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142263535","display_name":"University of Nottingham","ror":"https://ror.org/01ee9ar58","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105990","display_name":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/01gkn6j11","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK","School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105990","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanfang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanfang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanfang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110576593","display_name":"Feiguo Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiguo Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100678574"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142263535","https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210105990"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":6.909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96993947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"68","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10779","display_name":"Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10647","display_name":"Coastal and Marine Dynamics","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thematic-mapper","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","score":0.8143733739852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.6097184419631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-scanner","display_name":"Multispectral Scanner","score":0.5869478583335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5542489886283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shore","display_name":"Shore","score":0.4497969150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.4296560287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42701518535614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.37826305627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.3736668825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrology","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","score":0.359508216381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.33055752515792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32941150665283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.11692103743553162}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775938548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1565182","display_name":"Thematic Mapper","level":3,"score":0.8143733739852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.6097184419631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777205146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935091","display_name":"Multispectral Scanner","level":2,"score":0.5869478583335876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5542489886283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152382732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468756","display_name":"Shore","level":2,"score":0.4497969150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.4296560287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42701518535614014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.37826305627822876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.3736668825149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.359508216381073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.33055752515792847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32941150665283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.11692103743553162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6030068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/3/68/pdf?version=1490092628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:794686cd82bd4c35bcdb0f5318771b35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/794686cd82bd4c35bcdb0f5318771b35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 6, Iss 3, p 68 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/6/3/68/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 6; Issue 3; Pages: 68","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6030068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030068","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/3/68/pdf?version=1490092628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592552179.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592552179.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W120278137","https://openalex.org/W366162578","https://openalex.org/W1541757248","https://openalex.org/W1571262970","https://openalex.org/W1970187764","https://openalex.org/W1973893814","https://openalex.org/W1981055814","https://openalex.org/W1982206826","https://openalex.org/W1984686364","https://openalex.org/W1985737681","https://openalex.org/W1991228198","https://openalex.org/W1999489821","https://openalex.org/W2011925552","https://openalex.org/W2022811154","https://openalex.org/W2024290516","https://openalex.org/W2038182754","https://openalex.org/W2046432374","https://openalex.org/W2048676851","https://openalex.org/W2053147402","https://openalex.org/W2061928497","https://openalex.org/W2062815717","https://openalex.org/W2064697058","https://openalex.org/W2066789725","https://openalex.org/W2068906281","https://openalex.org/W2077509829","https://openalex.org/W2083136819","https://openalex.org/W2085726663","https://openalex.org/W2086739180","https://openalex.org/W2089542421","https://openalex.org/W2092826670","https://openalex.org/W2101678239","https://openalex.org/W2110621574","https://openalex.org/W2111345113","https://openalex.org/W2111715392","https://openalex.org/W2114666101","https://openalex.org/W2117835930","https://openalex.org/W2125184169","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2134325623","https://openalex.org/W2137044695","https://openalex.org/W2137670206","https://openalex.org/W2139514917","https://openalex.org/W2145087958","https://openalex.org/W2161103732","https://openalex.org/W2161144817","https://openalex.org/W2161522250","https://openalex.org/W2163762954","https://openalex.org/W2186526172","https://openalex.org/W2266617176","https://openalex.org/W2283971183","https://openalex.org/W2327914372","https://openalex.org/W2336807904","https://openalex.org/W2357909448","https://openalex.org/W2381966470","https://openalex.org/W2392272655","https://openalex.org/W2564436857","https://openalex.org/W6632252062","https://openalex.org/W6656486684","https://openalex.org/W6663641925","https://openalex.org/W6680096826","https://openalex.org/W7028833496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597543703","https://openalex.org/W744286676","https://openalex.org/W1481225883","https://openalex.org/W2231731855","https://openalex.org/W1651417451","https://openalex.org/W793968583","https://openalex.org/W384337517","https://openalex.org/W2125152676","https://openalex.org/W73256762","https://openalex.org/W127814946"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ningbo":[0,36,53,199,208,381],"City":[1],"in":[2,12,34,41,160,272,306,389],"Zhejiang":[3],"Province":[4],"is":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,51,91,100,109,198,206,220,257,289,300,329,337,348,379,392,394],"the":[8,21,35,48,52,96,115,119,129,156,161,194,204,207,218,228,247,255,260,281,298,321,324,335,354,360,367,380],"largest":[9],"port":[10,25,312],"cities":[11],"China":[13],"and":[14,31,59,80,128,142,184,192,217,227,246,292,316,339,350,386,396,403],"has":[15],"achieved":[16],"high":[17,264],"economic":[18],"development":[19,30,402],"during":[20,55],"past":[22],"decades.":[23],"The":[24,105,122,146,236,266,326],"construction,":[26,313],"land":[27,143,293],"reclamation,":[28],"urban":[29,290,314,401],"silt":[32],"deposition":[33],"coastal":[37],"zone":[38],"have":[39],"resulted":[40],"extensive":[42],"coastline":[43,117,229,307,327,362,368,376],"change.":[44,363],"In":[45,275,295,364,383],"this":[46,365],"study,":[47],"spatio-temporal":[49,195,267],"change":[50,196,268,378],"coastlines":[54,159,209,258,282,322],"1976\u20132015":[56],"was":[57,111,150,283,371],"detected":[58],"analysed":[60],"using":[61],"Landsat":[62,93],"time-series":[63,158],"images":[64,94],"from":[65,163,211,223,232,240],"different":[66,273],"sensors,":[67],"including":[68],"Multispectral":[69],"Scanner":[70],"(MSS),":[71],"Thematic":[72,76],"Mapper":[73,77],"(TM),":[74],"Enhanced":[75],"Plus":[78],"(ETM+)":[79],"Operational":[81],"Land":[82],"Imager":[83],"(OLI).":[84],"Fourteen":[85],"individual":[86],"scenes":[87],"(covering":[88],"seven":[89],"phases)":[90],"cloud-free":[92],"within":[95],"required":[97],"tidal":[98],"range":[99],"\u00b163":[101],"cm":[102],"were":[103,136,188,332,353],"collected.":[104],"ZiYuan-3":[106],"(ZY-3)":[107],"image":[108],"2015":[110],"used":[112,152],"to":[113,138,153,165,190,214,225,234,243],"extract":[114],"reference":[116],"for":[118,359,374],"accuracy":[120],"assessment.":[121],"normalised":[123],"difference":[124,132],"water":[125,133,141],"index":[126,134],"(NDWI)":[127],"modified":[130],"normalized":[131],"(MNDWI)":[135],"applied":[137],"discriminate":[139],"surface":[140],"features,":[144],"respectively.":[145],"on-screen":[147],"digitising":[148],"approach":[149],"then":[151],"further":[154],"refine":[155],"extracted":[157],"period":[162],"1976":[164],"2015.":[166],"Six":[167],"relevant":[168],"indices,":[169],"length,":[170],"length":[171,174,205],"change,":[172,175],"annual":[173,186,249],"fractal":[176],"dimension":[177],"(FD),":[178],"average":[179,185,237,248],"net":[180],"shoreline":[181],"movement":[182],"(NSM)":[183],"NSM,":[187],"calculated":[189],"analyse":[191],"explore":[193],"features":[197],"coastlines.":[200],"Results":[201],"show":[202],"that":[203,346],"increased":[210,222,239],"910":[212],"km":[213],"986":[215],"km,":[216],"value":[219],"FD":[221],"1.09":[224],"1.12,":[226],"morphology":[230],"changed":[231],"sinuous":[233],"straight.":[235],"NSM":[238,250],"187":[241],"m":[242,245],"298":[244],"reached":[251],"85":[252],"m/year,":[253],"indicating":[254],"advance":[256],"towards":[259,323],"sea":[261],"at":[262],"a":[263,303],"level.":[265],"patterns":[269,377],"also":[270],"varied":[271],"areas.":[274],"Hangzhou":[276],"Bay,":[277,297],"significant":[278],"advancement":[279],"along":[280],"experienced":[284],"since":[285],"2001":[286],"mainly":[287],"because":[288,391],"construction":[291,315],"reclamation.":[294],"Xiangshan":[296],"forces":[299,347,393],"nature":[301,338,349,395],"played":[302],"major":[304],"role":[305],"dynamics":[308],"before":[309],"2008,":[310],"whilst":[311],"island":[317],"link":[318],"projections":[319],"moved":[320],"sea.":[325],"changes":[328],"Sanmen":[330],"Bay":[331],"affected":[333],"by":[334],"interaction":[336],"human":[340,351,397],"activities.":[341],"All":[342],"these":[343],"observations":[344],"indicate":[345],"activities":[352],"two":[355],"important":[356],"influential":[357],"factors":[358],"observed":[361],"case,":[366],"complexity":[369],"variation":[370],"considered":[372],"responsible":[373],"various":[375],"coast.":[382],"addition,":[384],"erosion":[385],"accretion":[387],"occurred":[388],"turn":[390],"activities,":[398],"such":[399],"as":[400],"agricultural":[404],"exploitation.":[405]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
