{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2575020676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010024","title":"Authoritative and Volunteered Geographical Information in a Developing Country: A Comparative Case Study of Road Datasets in Nairobi, Kenya","display_name":"Authoritative and Volunteered Geographical Information in a Developing Country: A Comparative Case Study of Road Datasets in Nairobi, Kenya","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2575020676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010024","mag":"2575020676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/24/pdf?version=1484913832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/24/pdf?version=1484913832","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058029787","display_name":"Ron Mahabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-5366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ron Mahabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070909466","display_name":"Anthony Stefanidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-0667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Stefanidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033989239","display_name":"Arie Croitoru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-9273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arie Croitoru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049314735","display_name":"Andrew Crooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-6654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Crooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6B2, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6B2, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052809986","display_name":"Peggy Agouris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peggy Agouris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058029787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":28.2518,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99403028,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteered-geographic-information","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","score":0.9711042642593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.5974032878875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5072533488273621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.45207077264785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.41006791591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.37621214985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25735658407211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.256130576133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.115592360496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.0867498517036438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57380593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933625","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","level":2,"score":0.9711042642593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5974032878875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5072533488273621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45207077264785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.41006791591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.37621214985847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25735658407211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.256130576133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.115592360496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0867498517036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/24/pdf?version=1484913832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bc7cc95c5bb74f3aaaafd23401ae0026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bc7cc95c5bb74f3aaaafd23401ae0026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 6, Iss 1, p 24 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/6/1/24/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 6; Issue 1; Pages: 24","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6010024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010024","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/24/pdf?version=1484913832","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309029","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2575020676.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2575020676.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102428953","https://openalex.org/W273701817","https://openalex.org/W777747778","https://openalex.org/W1207112246","https://openalex.org/W1526399380","https://openalex.org/W1580122046","https://openalex.org/W1581541037","https://openalex.org/W1586216651","https://openalex.org/W1776314870","https://openalex.org/W1907282519","https://openalex.org/W1919246634","https://openalex.org/W1966952955","https://openalex.org/W1971109292","https://openalex.org/W1973546638","https://openalex.org/W1977170904","https://openalex.org/W1985399444","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W2003383289","https://openalex.org/W2010310876","https://openalex.org/W2012986027","https://openalex.org/W2015123963","https://openalex.org/W2018354678","https://openalex.org/W2022664803","https://openalex.org/W2023865077","https://openalex.org/W2032865436","https://openalex.org/W2034019893","https://openalex.org/W2039530979","https://openalex.org/W2039853831","https://openalex.org/W2045311862","https://openalex.org/W2053140578","https://openalex.org/W2057442840","https://openalex.org/W2060335617","https://openalex.org/W2063935068","https://openalex.org/W2068845316","https://openalex.org/W2074898075","https://openalex.org/W2094083682","https://openalex.org/W2097066001","https://openalex.org/W2097353874","https://openalex.org/W2098233942","https://openalex.org/W2110152355","https://openalex.org/W2110673348","https://openalex.org/W2115779326","https://openalex.org/W2117810730","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2120700232","https://openalex.org/W2120969934","https://openalex.org/W2139961816","https://openalex.org/W2146314642","https://openalex.org/W2187835492","https://openalex.org/W2273999883","https://openalex.org/W2296165333","https://openalex.org/W2298533687","https://openalex.org/W2312157150","https://openalex.org/W2332221202","https://openalex.org/W2412542690","https://openalex.org/W2444002369","https://openalex.org/W2516131201","https://openalex.org/W2521601500","https://openalex.org/W2525460595","https://openalex.org/W2549412929","https://openalex.org/W2569900774","https://openalex.org/W3124276395","https://openalex.org/W6643586619","https://openalex.org/W6727288654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2733029865","https://openalex.org/W1991837421","https://openalex.org/W2955098766","https://openalex.org/W2269136550","https://openalex.org/W3041947657","https://openalex.org/W2114948960","https://openalex.org/W2464857583","https://openalex.org/W993436984","https://openalex.org/W2945592045","https://openalex.org/W141070698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"volunteered":[1],"geographic":[2],"information":[3],"(VGI)":[4],"platforms":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7,151],"OpenStreetMap":[8],"(OSM)":[9],"becoming":[10],"increasingly":[11],"popular,":[12],"we":[13,75],"are":[14],"faced":[15],"with":[16,65,106],"the":[17,21,35,60,77,83,126,137,170],"challenge":[18],"of":[19,23,38,62,79,88,121,149],"assessing":[20],"quality":[22,61,78],"their":[24],"content,":[25],"in":[26,69,104,109,117,166,182,202,205],"order":[27],"to":[28,34,199],"better":[29,180],"understand":[30],"its":[31],"place":[32],"relative":[33],"authoritative":[36,63,80,171,203],"content":[37,54,164],"more":[39,194],"traditional":[40],"sources.":[41],"Until":[42],"now,":[43],"studies":[44,68],"have":[45],"focused":[46],"primarily":[47],"on":[48],"developed":[49],"countries,":[50],"showing":[51],"that":[52],"VGI":[53,198],"can":[55],"match":[56],"or":[57],"even":[58],"surpass":[59],"sources,":[64],"very":[66],"few":[67],"developing":[70,206],"countries.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"compare":[76],"(data":[81,95],"from":[82,96,154],"Regional":[84],"Center":[85],"for":[86,90,192],"Mapping":[87],"Resources":[89],"Development":[91],"(RCMRD))":[92],"and":[93,98,110,143],"non-authoritative":[94],"OSM":[97,142,161],"Google\u2019s":[99],"Map":[100,144,177],"Maker)":[101],"road":[102],"data":[103,108,204],"conjunction":[105],"population":[107],"around":[111],"Nairobi,":[112],"Kenya.":[113],"Results":[114],"show":[115],"variability":[116],"coverage":[118,132,150,181],"between":[119],"all":[120],"these":[122,174],"datasets.":[123],"RCMRD":[124],"provided":[125],"most":[127],"complete,":[128],"albeit":[129],"less":[130],"current,":[131],"when":[133],"taking":[134],"into":[135],"account":[136],"entire":[138],"study":[139],"area,":[140],"while":[141,176],"Maker":[145,178],"showed":[146,179],"a":[147,189,193],"degradation":[148],"one":[152],"moves":[153],"central":[155],"Nairobi":[156],"towards":[157],"rural":[158,183],"areas.":[159,185],"Furthermore,":[160],"had":[162],"higher":[163],"density":[165],"large":[167],"slums,":[168],"surpassing":[169],"datasets":[172],"at":[173],"locations,":[175],"housing":[184],"These":[186],"results":[187],"suggest":[188],"greater":[190],"need":[191],"inclusive":[195],"approach":[196],"using":[197],"supplement":[200],"gaps":[201],"nations.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}