{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2562886509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010001","title":"Detecting Road Intersections from GPS Traces Using Longest Common Subsequence Algorithm","display_name":"Detecting Road Intersections from GPS Traces Using Longest Common Subsequence Algorithm","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2562886509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010001","mag":"2562886509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/1/pdf?version=1482404590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/1/pdf?version=1482404590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050762318","display_name":"Xingzhe Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-6257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingzhe Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-6257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015582924","display_name":"Wenzhi Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-0324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhi Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112814058","display_name":"Hamid Aghajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["BE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Aghajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ambient Intelligence Research (AIR) Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA","imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ambient Intelligence Research (AIR) Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068050252","display_name":"Peter Veelaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-9087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Veelaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071483672","display_name":"Wilfried Philips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-4353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilfried Philips","raw_affiliation_strings":["imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"imec-IPI-UGent, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050762318"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":10.9794,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98751388,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longest-common-subsequence-problem","display_name":"Longest common subsequence problem","score":0.8228874206542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6966195702552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6004963517189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.5983259677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5788806676864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.5260686278343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46179720759391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.44335848093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.43713563680648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsequence","display_name":"Subsequence","score":0.4342649579048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24248582124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.14134737849235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13805639743804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11391952633857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09794437885284424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120098539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141001","display_name":"Longest common subsequence problem","level":2,"score":0.8228874206542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6966195702552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6004963517189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.5983259677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5788806676864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.5260686278343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46179720759391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44335848093032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43713563680648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137877099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332977","display_name":"Subsequence","level":3,"score":0.4342649579048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24248582124710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.14134737849235535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13805639743804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11391952633857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09794437885284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/1/pdf?version=1482404590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:69399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1253631.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8500793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8500793","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 2220-9964","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:82844778c22042b09ee5351ab3d0fc6c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/82844778c22042b09ee5351ab3d0fc6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 6, Iss 1, p 1 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/6/1/1/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 6; Issue 1; Pages: 1","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi6010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/1/1/pdf?version=1482404590","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2562886509.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2562886509.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604060128","https://openalex.org/W1534304300","https://openalex.org/W1585610988","https://openalex.org/W1985986451","https://openalex.org/W2008725231","https://openalex.org/W2028239682","https://openalex.org/W2033815587","https://openalex.org/W2033969525","https://openalex.org/W2036569611","https://openalex.org/W2074652649","https://openalex.org/W2076222209","https://openalex.org/W2082533141","https://openalex.org/W2111961236","https://openalex.org/W2111969977","https://openalex.org/W2114535528","https://openalex.org/W2118389488","https://openalex.org/W2123227625","https://openalex.org/W2135909233","https://openalex.org/W2140251882","https://openalex.org/W2149409607","https://openalex.org/W2156531019","https://openalex.org/W2162744351","https://openalex.org/W2247004721","https://openalex.org/W2313798356","https://openalex.org/W2340956086","https://openalex.org/W3145678509","https://openalex.org/W4210823377","https://openalex.org/W4243863038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W25732909","https://openalex.org/W4323338832","https://openalex.org/W4289596129","https://openalex.org/W3083981518","https://openalex.org/W4225868058","https://openalex.org/W1999879627","https://openalex.org/W2088055539","https://openalex.org/W1574834681","https://openalex.org/W2389167168","https://openalex.org/W1746697883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intersections":[0],"are":[1,8,78,148,156],"important":[2],"components":[3],"of":[4,106,121,144,181],"road":[5,27,43,87],"networks,":[6],"which":[7],"critical":[9],"to":[10,62,94],"both":[11],"route":[12],"planning":[13],"and":[14,33,141],"path":[15],"optimization.":[16],"Most":[17],"existing":[18],"methods":[19,49,178],"define":[20],"the":[21,26,35,42,57,76,96,103,107,113,125,132,145,159,175,182],"intersections":[22,36,64,69,77,97,155],"as":[23,80,150],"locations":[24,81],"where":[25],"users":[28],"change":[29],"their":[30],"moving":[31,58],"directions":[32],"identify":[34],"from":[37,51,158],"GPS":[38,108,122],"traces":[39,123],"through":[40,162],"analyzing":[41],"users\u2019":[44],"turning":[45,176],"behaviors.":[46],"However,":[47],"these":[48],"suffer":[50],"finding":[52,102],"an":[53],"appropriate":[54],"threshold":[55],"for":[56],"direction":[59],"change,":[60],"leading":[61],"true":[63],"being":[65,70],"undetected":[66],"or":[67,85],"spurious":[68],"falsely":[71],"detected.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,99],"paper,":[75],"defined":[79],"that":[82,170],"connect":[83],"three":[84],"more":[86],"segments":[88],"in":[89,179],"different":[90],"directions.":[91],"We":[92,110],"propose":[93],"detect":[95,112],"under":[98],"definition":[100],"by":[101],"common":[104,146],"sub-tracks":[105,147],"traces.":[109],"first":[111],"Longest":[114],"Common":[115],"Subsequences":[116],"(LCSS)":[117],"between":[118],"each":[119],"pair":[120],"using":[124],"dynamic":[126],"programming":[127],"approach.":[128],"Second,":[129],"we":[130],"partition":[131],"longest":[133],"nonconsecutive":[134],"subsequences":[135],"into":[136],"consecutive":[137],"sub-tracks.":[138],"The":[139],"starting":[140],"ending":[142],"points":[143,161],"collected":[149],"connecting":[151,160],"points.":[152],"At":[153],"last,":[154],"detected":[157],"Kernel":[163],"Density":[164],"Estimation":[165],"(KDE).":[166],"Experimental":[167],"results":[168],"show":[169],"our":[171],"proposed":[172],"method":[173],"outperforms":[174],"point-based":[177],"terms":[180],"F-score.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}