{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2562550885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5120243","title":"Simulation of Dynamic Urban Growth with Partial Least Squares Regression-Based Cellular Automata in a GIS Environment","display_name":"Simulation of Dynamic Urban Growth with Partial Least Squares Regression-Based Cellular Automata in a GIS Environment","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2562550885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5120243","mag":"2562550885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5120243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5120243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/12/243/pdf?version=1481878995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/12/243/pdf?version=1481878995","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013031996","display_name":"Yongjiu Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-7218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongjiu Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8772-7218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020614690","display_name":"Miaolong Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaolong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398638","display_name":"Lijun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-6548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345929","display_name":"Yu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-1419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44675526","display_name":"Shanghai Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n40zv07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013031996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44675526"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":1.3948,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81187501,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"12","first_page":"243","last_page":"243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicollinearity","display_name":"Multicollinearity","score":0.93441241979599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-automaton","display_name":"Cellular automaton","score":0.8687268495559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-regression","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","score":0.767212986946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinary-least-squares","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","score":0.6872720122337341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance-inflation-factor","display_name":"Variance inflation factor","score":0.6370250582695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.5107121467590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5095541477203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4992985725402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.4903998374938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4770885407924652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4511220157146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.43472468852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.4065755009651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.32906657457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3237307667732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1647917926311493}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189285262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332350","display_name":"Multicollinearity","level":3,"score":0.93441241979599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.8687268495559692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.767212986946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99656134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912993","display_name":"Ordinary least squares","level":2,"score":0.6872720122337341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152732102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13434396","display_name":"Variance inflation factor","level":4,"score":0.6370250582695007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.5107121467590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5095541477203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4992985725402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.4903998374938965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4770885407924652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4511220157146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.43472468852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4065755009651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32906657457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3237307667732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1647917926311493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5120243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5120243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/12/243/pdf?version=1481878995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f7bfd87ec3464611a93f6a4b5845afaf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7bfd87ec3464611a93f6a4b5845afaf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 5, Iss 12, p 243 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/5/12/243/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5120243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 5; Issue 12; Pages: 243","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5120243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5120243","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/12/243/pdf?version=1481878995","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1247899370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13ZR1419300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G688654353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41406146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322449","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2562550885.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2562550885.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18789278","https://openalex.org/W25966859","https://openalex.org/W127119175","https://openalex.org/W947602937","https://openalex.org/W1529708367","https://openalex.org/W1605589516","https://openalex.org/W1971842889","https://openalex.org/W1979248264","https://openalex.org/W1986261119","https://openalex.org/W1986380928","https://openalex.org/W1990336537","https://openalex.org/W1991292821","https://openalex.org/W1992673415","https://openalex.org/W1997172249","https://openalex.org/W1998131966","https://openalex.org/W1998564199","https://openalex.org/W1998902551","https://openalex.org/W1999829841","https://openalex.org/W2000730663","https://openalex.org/W2001728655","https://openalex.org/W2006578006","https://openalex.org/W2016953154","https://openalex.org/W2017046847","https://openalex.org/W2025083053","https://openalex.org/W2032568597","https://openalex.org/W2033176844","https://openalex.org/W2033196598","https://openalex.org/W2036751519","https://openalex.org/W2037431120","https://openalex.org/W2051512952","https://openalex.org/W2057204588","https://openalex.org/W2064681033","https://openalex.org/W2067117278","https://openalex.org/W2072569462","https://openalex.org/W2077444736","https://openalex.org/W2078933007","https://openalex.org/W2082375144","https://openalex.org/W2082478155","https://openalex.org/W2087432101","https://openalex.org/W2088365431","https://openalex.org/W2093193245","https://openalex.org/W2094245525","https://openalex.org/W2099054202","https://openalex.org/W2116115717","https://openalex.org/W2123615952","https://openalex.org/W2127059652","https://openalex.org/W2135617432","https://openalex.org/W2156484217","https://openalex.org/W2158863190","https://openalex.org/W2165780759","https://openalex.org/W2314946955","https://openalex.org/W2332826429","https://openalex.org/W2488276942","https://openalex.org/W2515800266","https://openalex.org/W2530614842","https://openalex.org/W2534003060","https://openalex.org/W2558378725","https://openalex.org/W6601078197","https://openalex.org/W6645243953","https://openalex.org/W6678209824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2586047144","https://openalex.org/W1639044165","https://openalex.org/W3016675171","https://openalex.org/W3134815827","https://openalex.org/W2953262018","https://openalex.org/W2942141314","https://openalex.org/W3186133144","https://openalex.org/W4313294559","https://openalex.org/W4289730765","https://openalex.org/W2154141522"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"developed":[1],"a":[2,23,144],"geographic":[3],"cellular":[4],"automata":[5],"(CA)":[6],"model":[7,75,147,154],"based":[8],"on":[9],"partial":[10],"least":[11],"squares":[12],"(PLS)":[13],"regression":[14,35],"(termed":[15],"PLS-CA)":[16],"to":[17,40,78,98,158,168],"simulate":[18,79],"dynamic":[19],"urban":[20,46,70,82,127,161],"growth":[21,47,71,83,128,162],"in":[22,65,90,163],"geographical":[24],"information":[25],"systems":[26],"(GIS)":[27],"environment.":[28],"The":[29,55,73,118,152],"PLS":[30],"method":[31],"extends":[32],"multiple":[33],"linear":[34],"models":[36],"that":[37,121],"are":[38,62],"used":[39],"define":[41],"the":[42,52,80,91,101,107,115,122,130,149],"unique":[43],"factors":[44,57],"driving":[45],"by":[48,105],"eliminating":[49],"multicollinearity":[50],"among":[51],"candidate":[53],"drivers.":[54],"key":[56],"(the":[58],"spatial":[59],"variables)":[60],"extracted":[61],"uncorrelated,":[63],"resulting":[64],"effective":[66],"transition":[67],"rules":[68],"for":[69,148],"modeling.":[72],"PLS-CA":[74,123,153],"was":[76],"applied":[77],"rapid":[81],"of":[84,94,114,126,137,143,160],"Songjiang":[85],"District,":[86],"an":[87,134],"outer":[88],"suburb":[89],"Shanghai":[92],"Municipality":[93],"China":[95],"from":[96],"1992":[97],"2008.":[99],"Among":[100],"three":[102],"components":[103],"acquired":[104],"PLS,":[106],"first":[108],"two":[109],"explained":[110],"more":[111],"than":[112],"95%":[113],"total":[116],"variance.":[117],"results":[119],"showed":[120],"simulated":[124],"pattern":[125,132],"matched":[129],"observed":[131],"with":[133,141],"overall":[135],"accuracy":[136],"85.8%,":[138],"as":[139],"compared":[140],"83.5%":[142],"logistic-regression-based":[145],"CA":[146],"same":[150],"area.":[151],"is":[155],"readily":[156],"applicable":[157],"simulations":[159],"other":[164],"rapidly":[165],"urbanizing":[166],"areas":[167],"generate":[169],"realistic":[170],"land":[171],"use":[172],"patterns":[173],"and":[174],"project":[175],"future":[176],"scenarios.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}