{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345018813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050056","title":"A Multi-Element Approach to Location Inference of Twitter: A Case for Emergency Response","display_name":"A Multi-Element Approach to Location Inference of Twitter: A Case for Emergency Response","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345018813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050056","mag":"2345018813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5050056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/56/pdf?version=1461824802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/56/pdf?version=1461824802","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087964444","display_name":"Farhad Laylavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-9625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farhad Laylavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075301188","display_name":"Abbas Rajabifard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-3173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Rajabifard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075661874","display_name":"Mohsen Kalantari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-5218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Kalantari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Disaster Management and Public Safety, Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087964444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":11.8449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98225969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"56","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11121","display_name":"Public Relations and Crisis Communication","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotagging","display_name":"Geotagging","score":0.6971590518951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.6900536417961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6896282434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6505600810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4787530303001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4553248882293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4550500810146332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-coordinate-system","display_name":"Geographic coordinate system","score":0.4482012391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4359254539012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41110605001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.41072583198547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.33285191655158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3258558511734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2823517322540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21326017379760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16528233885765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.14666372537612915}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53605480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852595","display_name":"Geotagging","level":2,"score":0.6971590518951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.6900536417961121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6896282434463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6505600810050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4787530303001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4553248882293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4550500810146332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123046963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22664","display_name":"Geographic coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.4482012391090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4359254539012909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41110605001449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.41072583198547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33285191655158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3258558511734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2823517322540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21326017379760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16528233885765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.14666372537612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5050056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/56/pdf?version=1461824802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/92011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&amp;SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&amp;SrcAuth=LinksAMR&amp;KeyUT=WOS:000379861800003&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord&amp;DestApp=ALL_WOS&amp;UsrCustomerID=d4d813f4571fa7d6246bdc0dfeca3a1c","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/92011","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40db421ce0284cbf94488ac4437c892d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40db421ce0284cbf94488ac4437c892d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 5, Iss 5, p 56 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/5/5/56/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 5; Issue 5; Pages: 56","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5050056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5050056","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/5/56/pdf?version=1461824802","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2345018813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2345018813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W201361503","https://openalex.org/W432844638","https://openalex.org/W1014495227","https://openalex.org/W1845748792","https://openalex.org/W1976146430","https://openalex.org/W1982087813","https://openalex.org/W1985383199","https://openalex.org/W1990128172","https://openalex.org/W2001448790","https://openalex.org/W2018277822","https://openalex.org/W2029154040","https://openalex.org/W2093601672","https://openalex.org/W2113321055","https://openalex.org/W2124499489","https://openalex.org/W2142191319","https://openalex.org/W2142889507","https://openalex.org/W2151378814","https://openalex.org/W2151519001","https://openalex.org/W2165442870","https://openalex.org/W2169190353","https://openalex.org/W2188871609","https://openalex.org/W2282112529","https://openalex.org/W2980387713","https://openalex.org/W4244323842","https://openalex.org/W6769590875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1718163567","https://openalex.org/W4300347823","https://openalex.org/W3195869169","https://openalex.org/W3021787161","https://openalex.org/W2067219739","https://openalex.org/W4283791994","https://openalex.org/W2896257451","https://openalex.org/W4367046659","https://openalex.org/W2550857530","https://openalex.org/W2165442870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"its":[1],"inception,":[2],"Twitter":[3,44,60,76],"has":[4,21,70],"played":[5],"a":[6,134,211,215,236,288,310],"major":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,12,45,74,80,117,182],"real-world":[10],"events\u2014especially":[11],"the":[13,25,75,81,104,109,141,148,154,172,193,197,204,224,232,242,246,250,263,268,271,279,295,301],"aftermath":[14],"of":[15,28,43,54,59,84,92,119,125,150,203,235,249,265,267,275,283,294],"disasters":[16],"and":[17,20,48,64,144,168,188,238,278],"catastrophic":[18],"incidents,":[19],"been":[22],"increasingly":[23],"becoming":[24],"first":[26],"point":[27],"contact":[29],"for":[30],"users":[31],"wishing":[32],"to":[33,146,190,210,230,260],"provide":[34],"or":[35,308],"seek":[36],"information":[37,126],"about":[38],"such":[39],"situations.":[40],"The":[41,200,220,252],"use":[42],"emergency":[46,120],"response":[47],"disaster":[49],"management":[50],"opens":[51],"up":[52,192],"avenues":[53],"research":[55,77,111],"concerning":[56],"different":[57],"aspects":[58,124],"data":[61,158],"quality,":[62],"usefulness":[63],"credibility.":[65],"A":[66],"real":[67],"challenge":[68],"that":[69,88,100,139,255,293,298],"attracted":[71],"substantial":[72],"attention":[73],"community":[78],"exists":[79],"location":[82,97,136,149,167,194,202,217,221,225,234,264,302],"inference":[83,98,137,226],"twitter":[85],"data.":[86],"Considering":[87],"less":[89],"than":[90],"2%":[91],"tweets":[93,151,269],"are":[94,176,186],"geotagged,":[95],"finding":[96],"methods":[99,297],"can":[101,299],"go":[102],"beyond":[103],"geotagging":[105,142],"capability":[106],"is":[107,114,208,228,239,258,287],"undoubtedly":[108],"priority":[110],"area.":[112],"This":[113,131],"especially":[115],"true":[116],"terms":[118],"response,":[121],"where":[122],"spatial":[123],"play":[127],"an":[128],"important":[129],"role.":[130],"paper":[132],"introduces":[133],"multi-elemental":[135],"method":[138,257],"puts":[140],"aside":[143],"tries":[145],"predict":[147,300],"by":[152,223],"exploiting":[153],"other":[155],"inherently":[156],"attached":[157],"elements.":[159,199],"In":[160],"this":[161,256],"regard,":[162],"textual":[163],"content,":[164],"users\u2019":[165],"profile":[166],"place":[169],"labelling,":[170],"as":[171,245],"main":[173],"location-related":[174],"elements,":[175],"taken":[177],"into":[178],"account.":[179],"Location-name":[180],"classes":[181],"three":[183],"granularity":[184],"levels":[185],"defined":[187],"employed":[189],"look":[191],"references":[195],"from":[196],"location-associated":[198],"inferred":[201,233],"finest":[205],"granular":[206],"level":[207],"assigned":[209,222],"tweet,":[212,237],"based":[213],"on":[214],"novel":[216],"assignment":[218],"rule.":[219],"process":[227],"considered":[229],"be":[231],"compared":[240,291],"with":[241,292,303],"geotagged":[243],"coordinates":[244],"ground":[247],"truth":[248],"study.":[251],"results":[253],"show":[254],"able":[259],"successfully":[261],"infer":[262],"87%":[266],"at":[270,309,313],"average":[272],"distance":[273,281,306],"error":[274,282],"12.2":[276],"km":[277],"median":[280],"4.5":[284],"km,":[285],"which":[286],"significant":[289],"improvement":[290],"current":[296],"much":[304],"larger":[305],"errors":[307],"city-level":[311],"resolution":[312],"best.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
