{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2295737355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5030034","title":"Characterizing Traf\ufb01c Conditions from the Perspective of Spatial-Temporal Heterogeneity","display_name":"Characterizing Traf\ufb01c Conditions from the Perspective of Spatial-Temporal Heterogeneity","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2295737355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5030034","mag":"2295737355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5030034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5030034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/3/34/pdf?version=1457599159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/3/34/pdf?version=1457599159","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074601006","display_name":"Peichao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-779X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peichao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-779X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364728","display_name":"Zhao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2430-8555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101477876","display_name":"Kun Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geomatics, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603493","display_name":"Gang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8856-8746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074601006","https://openalex.org/A5100364728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":10.9486,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97309294,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.7417319416999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-heterogeneity","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","score":0.6153673529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5627862215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4993610382080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.42523691058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3337646722793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3241482973098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.2942504286766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20644578337669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12829652428627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08821901679039001}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7417319416999817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.6153673529624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5627862215042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4993610382080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.42523691058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3337646722793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3241482973098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2942504286766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20644578337669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12829652428627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08821901679039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5030034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5030034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/3/34/pdf?version=1457599159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34673c4f2a9446a3be4d26ca8b2ed897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34673c4f2a9446a3be4d26ca8b2ed897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 5, Iss 3, p 34 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/61225","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/61225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/5/3/34/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5030034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 5; Issue 3; Pages: 34","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5030034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5030034","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/3/34/pdf?version=1457599159","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5899999737739563},{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3360192033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41571414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8065672853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41401434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295737355.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2295737355.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557891521","https://openalex.org/W1965051241","https://openalex.org/W1967343059","https://openalex.org/W1969324628","https://openalex.org/W1979136302","https://openalex.org/W1984125303","https://openalex.org/W1993789921","https://openalex.org/W1997900290","https://openalex.org/W2011488950","https://openalex.org/W2012783642","https://openalex.org/W2025706652","https://openalex.org/W2028816760","https://openalex.org/W2036851058","https://openalex.org/W2043093006","https://openalex.org/W2045792557","https://openalex.org/W2047891347","https://openalex.org/W2064326033","https://openalex.org/W2065297139","https://openalex.org/W2068478077","https://openalex.org/W2082168580","https://openalex.org/W2094807607","https://openalex.org/W2118722179","https://openalex.org/W2119819453","https://openalex.org/W2174647174","https://openalex.org/W2286975157","https://openalex.org/W2474825862","https://openalex.org/W2570804898","https://openalex.org/W3101518590","https://openalex.org/W3102345305","https://openalex.org/W3102476447","https://openalex.org/W3103711433","https://openalex.org/W3105655570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2018871932","https://openalex.org/W641279757","https://openalex.org/W370975646","https://openalex.org/W1670566515","https://openalex.org/W4242022592","https://openalex.org/W596972243","https://openalex.org/W2149537132","https://openalex.org/W4313230280","https://openalex.org/W69751022"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"conditions":[1,95,122],"are":[2],"usually":[3],"characterized":[4],"from":[5,34,80,110,130],"the":[6,12,17,22,42,47,55,67,72,81,111,116,131,134,138,144,152,171,174,187,190],"perspective":[7,37,43,82,112,132],"of":[8,19,25,49,57,83,96,113,133,143,146,151,162,173],"travel":[9,114],"time":[10],"or":[11],"average":[13,135],"vehicle":[14,50,136,147],"speed":[15],"in":[16,60,66,168],"field":[18],"transportation,":[20],"reflecting":[21],"congestion":[23],"degree":[24],"a":[26,32,35,61,99,104,124],"road":[27,100],"network.":[28],"This":[29],"article":[30],"provides":[31],"method":[33,69,76,118,140,154],"new":[36],"to":[38,70,92,128,182],"characterize":[39,93,120],"traffic":[40,94,121,160],"conditions;":[41],"is":[44,64],"based":[45],"on":[46],"heterogeneity":[48,86,145],"speeds.":[51,148],"A":[52],"novel":[53],"measurement,":[54],"ratio":[56],"areas":[58],"(RA)":[59],"rank-size":[62],"plot,":[63],"included":[65],"proposed":[68,75,117,139,153,175],"capture":[71],"heterogeneity.":[73],"The":[74,149],"can":[77,119],"be":[78],"performed":[79],"both":[84],"spatial":[85],"and":[87,170,189],"temporal":[88],"heterogeneity,":[89],"being":[90],"able":[91],"not":[97],"only":[98],"network":[101],"but":[102],"also":[103],"single":[105],"road.":[106],"Compared":[107,127],"with":[108,158],"methods":[109,129],"time,":[115],"at":[123],"higher":[125],"frequency.":[126],"speed,":[137],"takes":[141],"account":[142],"effectiveness":[150],"has":[155,177],"been":[156,178],"demonstrated":[157],"real-life":[159],"data":[161],"Shenzhen":[163],"(a":[164],"coastal":[165],"urban":[166],"city":[167],"China),":[169],"advantage":[172],"RA":[176],"verified":[179],"by":[180],"comparisons":[181],"similar":[183],"measurements":[184],"such":[185],"as":[186],"ht-index":[188],"CRG":[191],"index.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
