{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2273410772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020008","title":"Integrated WiFi/PDR/Smartphone Using an Adaptive System Noise Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm for Indoor Localization","display_name":"Integrated WiFi/PDR/Smartphone Using an Adaptive System Noise Extended Kalman Filter Algorithm for Indoor Localization","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2273410772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020008","mag":"2273410772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5020008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020008","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/2/8/pdf?version=1454314049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/2/8/pdf?version=1454314049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650931","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-8999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-8999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370330","display_name":"Jian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-3808"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111834721","display_name":"Chunyan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0343-5897"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459582","display_name":"Liwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8457-2943"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information Engineering, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088620767","display_name":"Zhengkui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-8690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengkui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100650931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":6.7717,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97191763,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"8","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.72869473695755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.534101128578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.528954267501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4841754734516144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4677600562572479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.4653490483760834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-technology","display_name":"Positioning technology","score":0.43365564942359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.421719491481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.4210093915462494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.41461390256881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3706604540348053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.2973077595233917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1009688675403595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.72869473695755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.534101128578186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.528954267501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4841754734516144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4677600562572479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4653490483760834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778075934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning technology","level":2,"score":0.43365564942359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.421719491481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.4210093915462494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.41461390256881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3706604540348053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2973077595233917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1009688675403595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5020008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020008","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/2/8/pdf?version=1454314049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28313e88f6134b228d22e246e3680d7e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28313e88f6134b228d22e246e3680d7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 5, Iss 2, p 8 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/5/2/8/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 5; Issue 2; Pages: 8","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi5020008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi5020008","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/5/2/8/pdf?version=1454314049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327518","display_name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2273410772.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2273410772.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504978873","https://openalex.org/W1971973071","https://openalex.org/W1993690800","https://openalex.org/W1993793087","https://openalex.org/W2006540669","https://openalex.org/W2010247356","https://openalex.org/W2012281465","https://openalex.org/W2044831755","https://openalex.org/W2046128567","https://openalex.org/W2056427752","https://openalex.org/W2079251198","https://openalex.org/W2091941493","https://openalex.org/W2100045669","https://openalex.org/W2101995197","https://openalex.org/W2108482152","https://openalex.org/W2120824934","https://openalex.org/W2122180522","https://openalex.org/W2130640215","https://openalex.org/W2130945928","https://openalex.org/W2130948627","https://openalex.org/W2147402755","https://openalex.org/W2148868231","https://openalex.org/W2150388519","https://openalex.org/W2151852064","https://openalex.org/W2155861586","https://openalex.org/W2162718622","https://openalex.org/W2164047159","https://openalex.org/W2165232124","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2170658927","https://openalex.org/W2408431555","https://openalex.org/W6679419473"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313854500","https://openalex.org/W4313689998","https://openalex.org/W2115279394","https://openalex.org/W3013566324","https://openalex.org/W2607221748","https://openalex.org/W2612511553","https://openalex.org/W4391115158","https://openalex.org/W2906096636","https://openalex.org/W2167901434","https://openalex.org/W2779222798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"signal":[1,125],"strength":[2,24],"is":[3,42,109,178],"susceptible":[4],"to":[5,47,62,111,193],"the":[6,17,54,72,81,98,104,113,118,121,138,153,157,167,175,182,187,199,203],"phenomena":[7,76],"of":[8,57,77,101,120,127,140,147,156,172,198],"interference,":[9],"jumping,":[10],"and":[11,34,80,116,124,142,149],"instability,":[12],"which":[13,68,164],"often":[14],"appear":[15],"in":[16,44,133],"positioning":[18,79,159,173,184,188],"results":[19],"based":[20],"on":[21],"Wi-Fi":[22,33,86,183],"field":[23],"fingerprint":[25,87,114],"database":[26,115],"technology":[27],"for":[28],"indoor":[29],"positioning.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"a":[32,58,91,134],"PDR":[35,82,200],"(pedestrian":[36],"dead":[37],"reckoning)":[38],"real-time":[39],"fusion":[40],"scheme":[41],"proposed":[43],"this":[45,102],"paper":[46],"perform":[48],"fusing":[49],"calculation":[50],"by":[51,162],"adaptively":[52],"determining":[53],"dynamic":[55],"noise":[56,205],"filtering":[59],"system":[60,160],"according":[61],"pedestrian":[63],"movement":[64],"(straight":[65],"or":[66,74],"turning),":[67],"can":[69,190],"effectively":[70],"restrain":[71],"jumping":[73],"accumulation":[75,84],"wireless":[78],"error":[83,177,189],"problem.":[85],"matching":[88],"typically":[89],"requires":[90],"quite":[92],"high":[93],"computational":[94,99],"burden:":[95],"To":[96],"reduce":[97],"complexity":[100],"step,":[103],"affinity":[105],"propagation":[106],"clustering":[107],"algorithm":[108,201],"adopted":[110],"cluster":[112],"integrate":[117],"information":[119],"position":[122],"domain":[123,126],"respective":[128],"points.":[129],"An":[130],"experiment":[131],"performed":[132],"fourth-floor":[135],"corridor":[136],"at":[137],"School":[139],"Environment":[141],"Spatial":[143],"Informatics,":[144],"China":[145],"University":[146],"Mining":[148],"Technology,":[150],"shows":[151],"that":[152],"traverse":[154],"points":[155],"clustered":[158],"decrease":[161],"65%\u201380%,":[163],"greatly":[165],"improves":[166],"time":[168],"efficiency.":[169],"In":[170],"terms":[171],"accuracy,":[174],"average":[176],"4.09":[179],"m":[180,195],"through":[181],"method.":[185],"However,":[186],"be":[191],"reduced":[192],"2.32":[194],"after":[196],"integration":[197],"with":[202],"adaptive":[204],"extended":[206],"Kalman":[207],"filter":[208],"(EKF).":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}