{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2018354678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020507","title":"Assessing Completeness and Spatial Error of Features in Volunteered Geographic Information","display_name":"Assessing Completeness and Spatial Error of Features in Volunteered Geographic Information","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2018354678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020507","mag":"2018354678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2020507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020507","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/507/pdf?version=1370332660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/507/pdf?version=1370332660","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032041693","display_name":"Steven Jackson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052196515","display_name":"William F. Mullen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Mullen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052809986","display_name":"Peggy Agouris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peggy Agouris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049314735","display_name":"Andrew Crooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-6654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40036882","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Study","ror":"https://ror.org/00f809463","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40036882"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Crooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Social Science, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6B2, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Social Science, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6B2, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631","https://openalex.org/I40036882"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033989239","display_name":"Arie Croitoru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-9273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arie Croitoru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070909466","display_name":"Anthony Stefanidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-0667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Stefanidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 6C3, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032041693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":47.913,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99783092,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"507","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteered-geographic-information","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","score":0.9866308569908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.8539012670516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.6355476379394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5714232921600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"Data quality","score":0.5329960584640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5112271308898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.49938249588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.49889469146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4155694842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4122452139854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3817434310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.22537696361541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.16074973344802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1293870210647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08924141526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.08892399072647095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57380593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933625","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","level":2,"score":0.9866308569908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.8539012670516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.6355476379394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5714232921600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24756922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757694","display_name":"Data quality","level":3,"score":0.5329960584640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5112271308898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.49938249588012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.49889469146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4155694842338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4122452139854431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3817434310913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.22537696361541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.16074973344802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1293870210647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08924141526222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.08892399072647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2020507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020507","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/507/pdf?version=1370332660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0283e1edbb764a339b616cdbe99282f9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0283e1edbb764a339b616cdbe99282f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 507-530 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/2/2/507/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 2; Issue 2; Pages: 507-530","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2020507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020507","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/507/pdf?version=1370332660","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332165","display_name":"National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4pxv54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332183","display_name":"U.S. Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/035a68863"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018354678.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2018354678.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10709905","https://openalex.org/W19644160","https://openalex.org/W71896585","https://openalex.org/W162634916","https://openalex.org/W194327752","https://openalex.org/W1509271647","https://openalex.org/W1516449160","https://openalex.org/W1548103362","https://openalex.org/W1581541037","https://openalex.org/W1968545881","https://openalex.org/W1977170904","https://openalex.org/W1987349636","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W1992154601","https://openalex.org/W2008627710","https://openalex.org/W2012021896","https://openalex.org/W2022664803","https://openalex.org/W2027979434","https://openalex.org/W2047185150","https://openalex.org/W2063935068","https://openalex.org/W2083177265","https://openalex.org/W2092885355","https://openalex.org/W2094083682","https://openalex.org/W2102302334","https://openalex.org/W2117769867","https://openalex.org/W2117810730","https://openalex.org/W2123958802","https://openalex.org/W2129444086","https://openalex.org/W2138603521","https://openalex.org/W2187835492","https://openalex.org/W2484549398","https://openalex.org/W2512173100","https://openalex.org/W2549412929","https://openalex.org/W2749705620","https://openalex.org/W2797855141","https://openalex.org/W3113176943","https://openalex.org/W3124276395","https://openalex.org/W4238294888","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2733029865","https://openalex.org/W1991837421","https://openalex.org/W2955098766","https://openalex.org/W2269136550","https://openalex.org/W3041947657","https://openalex.org/W2114948960","https://openalex.org/W2464857583","https://openalex.org/W2587563374","https://openalex.org/W2615781907","https://openalex.org/W4401575149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30,139],"assessment":[1],"of":[2,7,19,41,104,108,112,141,147],"the":[3,16,27,48,51,100,127,145,152],"quality":[4,149],"and":[5,13,44,74,102],"accuracy":[6,103],"Volunteered":[8],"Geographic":[9],"Information":[10],"(VGI)":[11],"contributions,":[12],"by":[14,62],"extension":[15],"ultimate":[17],"utility":[18],"VGI":[20,39,89],"data":[21,40,52,60,115],"has":[22,35,45,80],"fostered":[23],"much":[24],"debate":[25],"within":[26,116],"geographic":[28,114],"community.":[29],"limited":[31],"research":[32,76,87],"to":[33,83],"date":[34],"been":[36],"focused":[37],"on":[38,77,88],"linear":[42],"features":[43],"shown":[46,81],"that":[47,59,82],"error":[49],"in":[50,151],"is":[53,90],"heterogeneously":[54],"distributed.":[55],"Some":[56],"have":[57],"argued":[58],"produced":[61],"numerous":[63],"contributors":[64],"will":[65],"produce":[66],"a":[67,96,105,117,122],"more":[68,91],"accurate":[69],"product":[70],"than":[71],"an":[72],"individual":[73],"some":[75],"crowd-sourced":[78],"initiatives":[79],"be":[84],"true,":[85],"although":[86],"infrequent.":[92],"This":[93],"paper":[94],"proposes":[95],"method":[97],"for":[98,155],"quantifying":[99],"completeness":[101],"select":[106],"subset":[107],"infrastructure-associated":[109],"point":[110],"datasets":[111,132],"volunteered":[113,156],"major":[118],"metropolitan":[119],"area":[120],"using":[121],"national":[123],"geospatial":[124],"dataset":[125],"as":[126,136],"reference":[128],"benchmark":[129],"with":[130],"two":[131],"from":[133],"volunteers":[134],"used":[135],"test":[137],"datasets.":[138],"results":[140],"this":[142],"study":[143],"illustrate":[144],"benefits":[146],"including":[148],"control":[150],"collection":[153],"process":[154],"data.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}