{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1964648894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020405","title":"Measuring Scale-Dependent Landscape Structure with Rao\u2019s Quadratic Diversity","display_name":"Measuring Scale-Dependent Landscape Structure with Rao\u2019s Quadratic Diversity","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1964648894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020405","mag":"1964648894"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2020405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020405","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/405/pdf?version=1368532673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/405/pdf?version=1368532673","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038145095","display_name":"Carlo Ricotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0818-3959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Ricotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome \"La Sapienza\", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome \"La Sapienza\", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031032649","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Laura Carranza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-890X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129627893","display_name":"University of Molise","ror":"https://ror.org/04z08z627","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Carranza","raw_affiliation_strings":["EnviX-Lab, Department Bioscience and Territory (BiT), University of Molise, Cda. Fonte Lappone, Pesche (IS) 86090, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EnviX-Lab, Department Bioscience and Territory (BiT), University of Molise, Cda. Fonte Lappone, Pesche (IS) 86090, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031032649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129627893"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":2.4908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89880325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"405","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorical-variable","display_name":"Categorical variable","score":0.7228882312774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.663849413394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6028087139129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","score":0.5817930102348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.5721747279167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5370107889175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.48553013801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.47411683201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.3931015133857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3687703609466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3677801489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3503981828689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.32240450382232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3021230101585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.17400088906288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.13816556334495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12652069330215454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5274069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2285707","display_name":"Categorical variable","level":2,"score":0.7228882312774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.663849413394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6028087139129639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5817930102348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5721747279167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5370107889175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.48553013801574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.47411683201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3931015133857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3687703609466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3677801489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3503981828689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.32240450382232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3021230101585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17400088906288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.13816556334495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12652069330215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2020405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020405","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/405/pdf?version=1368532673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c1187a7e34dc4c6691f81b07a3e511ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c1187a7e34dc4c6691f81b07a3e511ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 405-412 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/526422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/526422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:211048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/211048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.211048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.211048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"graphic"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2020405","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2020405","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/2/405/pdf?version=1368532673","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1964648894.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1964648894.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190525628","https://openalex.org/W1486057304","https://openalex.org/W1499492593","https://openalex.org/W1522876465","https://openalex.org/W1966432818","https://openalex.org/W1973355431","https://openalex.org/W1976947682","https://openalex.org/W2001654798","https://openalex.org/W2006032940","https://openalex.org/W2020068828","https://openalex.org/W2021993783","https://openalex.org/W2032341887","https://openalex.org/W2032589890","https://openalex.org/W2043157867","https://openalex.org/W2065120286","https://openalex.org/W2069910276","https://openalex.org/W2092134757","https://openalex.org/W2093245821","https://openalex.org/W2123284266","https://openalex.org/W2128386354","https://openalex.org/W2129802470","https://openalex.org/W2162062941","https://openalex.org/W2166109934","https://openalex.org/W2317738542","https://openalex.org/W4235173353"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W3192667092","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820","https://openalex.org/W604251607","https://openalex.org/W3170595163","https://openalex.org/W2156540855"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"apply":[4],"a":[5,21,34,42,48],"special":[6],"application":[7],"of":[8,16,37,50,54,60,80,99,114,131],"the":[9,70,77,81,96,100,103,111,115],"Rao":[10,71],"quadratic":[11,72],"diversity":[12,39,73,90],"for":[13,40,76,126],"multiscale":[14],"analysis":[15,36],"land":[17,61,82],"use":[18],"changes":[19],"in":[20,25,64],"mixed":[22],"agricultural-forest":[23],"landscape":[24,44],"Central":[26],"Italy.":[27],"The":[28,58],"proposed":[29,104],"approach":[30],"is":[31,45,67,74,106],"similar":[32],"to":[33,122],"block-size":[35],"compositional":[38,89],"which":[41],"given":[43],"overlaid":[46],"with":[47],"series":[49],"square":[51],"grids":[52],"composed":[53],"increasingly":[55],"larger":[56],"boxes.":[57],"combination":[59],"cover":[62,83],"classes":[63,84],"each":[65,86],"box":[66],"recorded,":[68],"and":[69,134],"computed":[75],"frequency":[78],"distribution":[79],"at":[85],"box-size.":[87],"Plotting":[88],"versus":[91],"box-size":[92],"provides":[93],"information":[94],"on":[95],"scale-dependent":[97],"pattern":[98],"landscape.":[101],"Since":[102],"methodology":[105],"not":[107],"severely":[108],"influenced":[109],"by":[110],"co-registration":[112],"accuracy":[113],"underlying":[116],"data":[117,129],"sets,":[118],"it":[119],"may":[120],"prove":[121],"be":[123],"reasonably":[124],"adequate":[125],"analyzing":[127],"historical":[128],"sets":[130],"varying":[132],"resolution":[133],"quality,":[135],"like":[136],"aerial":[137],"photographs":[138],"or":[139],"categorical":[140],"maps.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}