{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011502855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010220","title":"Mapping Urban Tree Species Using Very High Resolution Satellite Imagery: Comparing Pixel-Based and Object-Based Approaches","display_name":"Mapping Urban Tree Species Using Very High Resolution Satellite Imagery: Comparing Pixel-Based and Object-Based Approaches","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011502855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010220","mag":"2011502855"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2010220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/220/pdf?version=1363275122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/220/pdf?version=1363275122","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037737045","display_name":"Shivani Agarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-650X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116320","display_name":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02e22ra24","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shivani Agarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-650X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063607920","display_name":"Lionel Sujay Vailshery","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116320","display_name":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02e22ra24","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Vailshery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003090529","display_name":"Madhumitha Jaganmohan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116320","display_name":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02e22ra24","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhumitha Jaganmohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003277271","display_name":"Harini Nagendra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1585-0724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116320","display_name":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment","ror":"https://ror.org/02e22ra24","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harini Nagendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","Centre for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC),  Indiana University, 408 North Indiana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","Centre for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University, 408 North Indiana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura,  Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC),  Indiana University, 408 North Indiana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change (CIPEC), Indiana University, 408 North Indiana Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore 560064, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003277271","https://openalex.org/A5037737045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116320","https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.2103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9054661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"220","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6278074979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5786660313606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5535168051719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-based","display_name":"Object based","score":0.49265867471694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.49108028411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.49070537090301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4828360676765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.44184258580207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.4270842373371124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.4253227114677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3990667462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2911757230758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2611963748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2394554615020752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6278074979782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5786660313606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5535168051719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019973339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899523","display_name":"Object based","level":3,"score":0.49265867471694946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.49108028411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.49070537090301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4828360676765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.44184258580207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.4270842373371124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.4253227114677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3990667462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2911757230758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2611963748931885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2394554615020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2010220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/220/pdf?version=1363275122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a467a62d9224368b0f53cfccb450fe7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a467a62d9224368b0f53cfccb450fe7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 220-236 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eref.uni-bayreuth.de:32240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eref.uni-bayreuth.de/32240/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196442","display_name":"ERef Bayreuth (University of Bayreuth)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54009628","host_organization_name":"University of Bayreuth","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54009628"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Artikel in einer Zeitschrift"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/2/1/220/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 2; Issue 1; Pages: 220-236","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2010220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/220/pdf?version=1363275122","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309024","display_name":"National Geographic Society","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqh5m06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320719","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","ror":"https://ror.org/0101xrq71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2011502855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2011502855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132322553","https://openalex.org/W1513753991","https://openalex.org/W1518438015","https://openalex.org/W1606936601","https://openalex.org/W1937126619","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1991048983","https://openalex.org/W2006054227","https://openalex.org/W2027709818","https://openalex.org/W2028956118","https://openalex.org/W2040038391","https://openalex.org/W2054793836","https://openalex.org/W2056303708","https://openalex.org/W2058726011","https://openalex.org/W2059905256","https://openalex.org/W2061240006","https://openalex.org/W2064497293","https://openalex.org/W2072589742","https://openalex.org/W2084426742","https://openalex.org/W2097467169","https://openalex.org/W2097908993","https://openalex.org/W2099839695","https://openalex.org/W2102411835","https://openalex.org/W2104603799","https://openalex.org/W2111328578","https://openalex.org/W2118778337","https://openalex.org/W2119879130","https://openalex.org/W2124921899","https://openalex.org/W2126104844","https://openalex.org/W2129479326","https://openalex.org/W2130946193","https://openalex.org/W2131679046","https://openalex.org/W2142371702","https://openalex.org/W2156808278","https://openalex.org/W2157776621","https://openalex.org/W2256818980","https://openalex.org/W2318160089","https://openalex.org/W4232909377","https://openalex.org/W4239304042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2076134148","https://openalex.org/W4402229788","https://openalex.org/W1973832799","https://openalex.org/W2257470761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"assessed":[1],"the":[2,30,42,53,127,133,146],"potential":[3],"of":[4,21,52,68,129,144,159],"multi-spectral":[5],"GeoEye":[6],"imagery":[7],"for":[8,59,105],"biodiversity":[9],"assessment":[10],"in":[11,15,29,41,77,103,151],"an":[12],"urban":[13,154],"context":[14],"Bangalore,":[16],"India.":[17],"Twenty":[18],"one":[19,80],"grids":[20,39],"150":[22,24],"by":[23],"m":[25],"were":[26,57,70,93,100],"randomly":[27],"located":[28],"city":[31],"center":[32],"and":[33,63,116,123,135],"all":[34],"tree":[35,106,160],"species":[36,69,107,150],"within":[37],"these":[38],"mapped":[40],"field.":[43],"The":[44],"six":[45,147],"most":[46,86,148],"common":[47,149],"species,":[48],"collectively":[49],"representing":[50],"43%":[51],"total":[54],"trees":[55,130],"sampled,":[56],"selected":[58],"mapping":[60],"using":[61],"pixel-based":[62,97],"object-based":[64,137,140],"approaches.":[65],"All":[66],"pairs":[67],"separable":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73,132],"spectral":[74],"reflectance":[75],"values":[76],"at":[78],"least":[79],"band,":[81],"with":[82,108,156],"Peltophorum":[83],"pterocarpum":[84],"being":[85],"distinct":[87],"from":[88,136],"other":[89],"species.":[90],"Object-based":[91],"approaches":[92,141],"consistently":[94],"superior":[95],"to":[96],"methods,":[98],"which":[99],"particularly":[101],"low":[102],"accuracy":[104],"small":[109],"canopy":[110,161],"sizes,":[111],"such":[112],"as":[113],"Cocos":[114],"nucifera":[115],"Roystonea":[117],"regia.":[118],"There":[119],"was":[120],"a":[121,152],"strong":[122],"significant":[124],"correlation":[125],"between":[126],"number":[128],"determined":[131],"ground":[134],"classification.":[138],"Overall,":[139],"appear":[142],"capable":[143],"discriminating":[145],"challenging":[153],"environment,":[155],"substantial":[157],"heterogeneity":[158],"sizes.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
