{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2047152207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010001","title":"A Bottom-Up Approach for Automatically Grouping Sensor Data Layers by their Observed Property","display_name":"A Bottom-Up Approach for Automatically Grouping Sensor Data Layers by their Observed Property","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2047152207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010001","mag":"2047152207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/1/pdf?version=1359639085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/1/pdf?version=1359639085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052708785","display_name":"Ben Charles Knoechel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Knoechel","raw_affiliation_strings":["GeoSensorweb Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoSensorweb Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075025395","display_name":"Chih\u2010Yuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3100-021X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117728","display_name":"Center For Remote Sensing (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/021wvg932","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Yuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GeoSensorweb Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada","Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoSensorweb Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109159366","display_name":"Steve Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steve Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["GeoSensorweb Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GeoSensorweb Lab, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109159366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.6384,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68443247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.758097231388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.6522089242935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5911595821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4937656819820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4775432050228119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-web","display_name":"Sensor web","score":0.46933284401893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4616808295249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.46157726645469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.45442628860473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.35381144285202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.159659743309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10873356461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.09747052192687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09516501426696777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.758097231388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6522089242935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5911595821380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4937656819820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4775432050228119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200593801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451089","display_name":"Sensor web","level":5,"score":0.46933284401893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4616808295249939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.46157726645469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.45442628860473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.35381144285202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.159659743309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10873356461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.09747052192687988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09516501426696777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/1/pdf?version=1359639085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b164abf1e5504a719d8fbdc592f87028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b164abf1e5504a719d8fbdc592f87028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-26 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi2010001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi2010001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/2/1/1/pdf?version=1359639085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310411","display_name":"Canarie","ror":"https://ror.org/01nztpc84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325651","display_name":"Alberta Innovates","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2047152207.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2047152207.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84466865","https://openalex.org/W87092222","https://openalex.org/W1487521718","https://openalex.org/W1496245635","https://openalex.org/W1528341769","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1646278814","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1647729745","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1972335571","https://openalex.org/W1975699440","https://openalex.org/W1993426067","https://openalex.org/W2010267600","https://openalex.org/W2012388982","https://openalex.org/W2014093012","https://openalex.org/W2031133616","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2054916799","https://openalex.org/W2109813820","https://openalex.org/W2127128140","https://openalex.org/W2129546202","https://openalex.org/W2136930489","https://openalex.org/W2140887277","https://openalex.org/W2142120379","https://openalex.org/W2146960954","https://openalex.org/W2168866435","https://openalex.org/W2579144984","https://openalex.org/W2950225692","https://openalex.org/W2953332543","https://openalex.org/W4213009331","https://openalex.org/W4235505822","https://openalex.org/W4402263089","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6658271512","https://openalex.org/W6663906393","https://openalex.org/W6681858501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004086023","https://openalex.org/W4367313141","https://openalex.org/W2733999579","https://openalex.org/W2910751785","https://openalex.org/W2110217573","https://openalex.org/W4366547507","https://openalex.org/W4283374591","https://openalex.org/W2094757258","https://openalex.org/W2811070711","https://openalex.org/W4318690376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103],"Sensor":[1,31,79],"Web":[2],"is":[3,108,135,186,195],"a":[4,89,118,138,160,170],"growing":[5],"phenomenon":[6,130],"where":[7],"an":[8],"increasing":[9],"number":[10],"of":[11,91,105,153,206],"sensors":[12],"are":[13,55,83,179],"collecting":[14],"data":[15,67,96,114,125,154,183,191,200],"in":[16],"the":[17,25,30,33,44,78,99,129,190,204],"physical":[18],"world,":[19],"to":[20,42,61,109,120,163,181,197],"be":[21,74],"made":[22],"available":[23],"over":[24],"Internet.":[26],"To":[27],"help":[28],"realize":[29],"Web,":[32],"Open":[34],"Geospatial":[35],"Consortium":[36],"(OGC)":[37],"has":[38],"developed":[39,60],"open":[40,101],"standards":[41],"standardize":[43],"communication":[45],"protocols":[46],"for":[47,77],"sharing":[48],"sensor":[49,113,124],"data.":[50],"Spatial":[51],"Data":[52],"Infrastructures":[53],"(SDIs)":[54],"systems":[56],"that":[57,142],"have":[58],"been":[59],"access,":[62],"process,":[63],"and":[64,71,149,168,193],"visualize":[65],"geospatial":[66],"from":[68],"heterogeneous":[69],"sources,":[70],"SDIs":[72],"can":[73],"designed":[75],"specifically":[76],"Web.":[80],"However,":[81],"there":[82],"problems":[84],"with":[85,88,95],"interoperability":[86],"associated":[87],"lack":[90],"standardized":[92],"naming,":[93],"even":[94],"collected":[97],"using":[98,174],"same":[100],"standard.":[102],"objective":[104],"this":[106],"research":[107],"automatically":[110,121],"group":[111,122,182,198],"similar":[112,123,199],"layers.":[115,155,201],"We":[116,156,202],"propose":[117],"methodology":[119,134],"layers":[126],"based":[127,136],"on":[128,137],"they":[131],"measure.":[132],"Our":[133],"unique":[139],"bottom-up":[140],"approach":[141],"uses":[143],"text":[144],"processing,":[145],"approximate":[146],"string":[147,151],"matching,":[148],"semantic":[150],"matching":[152],"use":[157],"WordNet":[158],"as":[159],"lexical":[161],"database":[162],"compute":[164],"word":[165],"pair":[166],"similarities":[167],"derive":[169],"set-based":[171],"dissimilarity":[172],"function":[173],"those":[175],"scores.":[176],"Two":[177],"approaches":[178],"taken":[180],"layers:":[184],"mapping":[185],"defined":[187],"between":[188],"all":[189],"layers,":[192],"clustering":[194],"performed":[196],"evaluate":[203],"results":[205],"our":[207],"methodology.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}