{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154645787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040179","title":"Same Streets, Different Contexts: Personality-Based Differences in Cycling Willingness Revealed from Objective and Subjective Perspectives","display_name":"Same Streets, Different Contexts: Personality-Based Differences in Cycling Willingness Revealed from Objective and Subjective Perspectives","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154645787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15040179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/179/pdf?version=1776344522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/179/pdf?version=1776344522","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100953941","display_name":"Chenfeng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0357-6203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenfeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0357-6203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721129","display_name":"Yihan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9736-0456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102658210","display_name":"Zibo Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204823248","display_name":"Huazhong Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/023b72294","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204823248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073606223","display_name":"Zhengyang Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1273-4573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengyang Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101389835","display_name":"Xing Geng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London NW1 9HZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, London NW1 9HZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133728983","display_name":"Yike Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yike Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5133728983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":47.8776,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99848855,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"179","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.0142000000923872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cycling","display_name":"Cycling","score":0.8615999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-five-personality-traits","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-analysis","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality","display_name":"Personality","score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.3716000020503998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541528975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53121","display_name":"Cycling","level":2,"score":0.8615999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.5404999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.4742000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82793941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1046024","display_name":"Path analysis (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4564000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.37560001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3662000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117179","display_name":"Life satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192424360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929408","display_name":"Multivariate analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127816348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127588","display_name":"Extraversion and introversion","level":4,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275793","display_name":"Casual","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7456400","display_name":"Subjective well-being","level":3,"score":0.2896000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15040179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/179/pdf?version=1776344522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64f22a4078f74cdbb922b5e8d5cd8824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64f22a4078f74cdbb922b5e8d5cd8824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 179 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15040179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040179","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/179/pdf?version=1776344522","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7124955654144287,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7239286040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52038007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154645787.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154645787.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2788890002","https://openalex.org/W2968175087","https://openalex.org/W3021643992","https://openalex.org/W3177473233","https://openalex.org/W3183997152","https://openalex.org/W3196492279","https://openalex.org/W3197608817","https://openalex.org/W3200668468","https://openalex.org/W3203848068","https://openalex.org/W3209273263","https://openalex.org/W3214280582","https://openalex.org/W4210783052","https://openalex.org/W4212966569","https://openalex.org/W4224290529","https://openalex.org/W4225259179","https://openalex.org/W4313679441","https://openalex.org/W4322772918","https://openalex.org/W4379662198","https://openalex.org/W4383652572","https://openalex.org/W4386648886","https://openalex.org/W4387747759","https://openalex.org/W4390863592","https://openalex.org/W4391031232","https://openalex.org/W4393853006","https://openalex.org/W4395692271","https://openalex.org/W4398155327","https://openalex.org/W4401873096","https://openalex.org/W4403660969","https://openalex.org/W4403842383","https://openalex.org/W4404724180","https://openalex.org/W4404832062","https://openalex.org/W4405040478","https://openalex.org/W4405632463","https://openalex.org/W4407061252","https://openalex.org/W4408015788","https://openalex.org/W4408016274","https://openalex.org/W4408197716","https://openalex.org/W4408394354","https://openalex.org/W4408426738","https://openalex.org/W4409171747","https://openalex.org/W4409285441","https://openalex.org/W4409382820","https://openalex.org/W4410027676","https://openalex.org/W4411148657","https://openalex.org/W4411187325","https://openalex.org/W4411629085","https://openalex.org/W4412050230","https://openalex.org/W4412603542","https://openalex.org/W4412979166","https://openalex.org/W4413900474","https://openalex.org/W4414006825","https://openalex.org/W4414384011","https://openalex.org/W4415817378","https://openalex.org/W4416419738","https://openalex.org/W4416809181","https://openalex.org/W7117357836","https://openalex.org/W7128293844"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Against":[0],"the":[1,63,117,123,141,146,151],"backdrop":[2],"of":[3,51,113],"rising":[4],"psychological":[5],"stress":[6],"and":[7,16,47,66,78,85,93,107,119,136,153,165,170,172,176,192],"declining":[8],"physical":[9],"fitness":[10,169],"in":[11,116,122,163,168,174,189],"cities,":[12],"how":[13],"streetscape":[14],"characteristics":[15],"Myers\u2013Briggs":[17],"Type":[18],"Indicator":[19],"(MBTI)":[20],"personality":[21],"traits":[22,159],"jointly":[23],"influence":[24],"cycling":[25,98,105,187],"willingness":[26,59,109],"across":[27,96],"different":[28],"contexts":[29],"remains":[30],"underexplored.":[31],"Using":[32],"Shenzhen,":[33],"China,":[34],"as":[35],"a":[36,67,111,190],"case":[37],"study,":[38],"we":[39],"integrated":[40],"objective":[41],"bicycle-sharing":[42],"travel":[43],"records":[44],"from":[45,55],"2021":[46],"subjective":[48,108],"pairwise":[49],"ratings":[50],"1000":[52],"street-view":[53],"images":[54],"960":[56],"participants.":[57],"Cycling":[58],"was":[60],"extrapolated":[61],"through":[62],"TrueSkill":[64],"algorithm":[65],"ResNet50-based":[68],"model,":[69],"while":[70,145],"street":[71,186],"view":[72],"elements":[73],"were":[74,88],"extracted":[75],"via":[76],"DeepLabV3+":[77],"summarized":[79],"into":[80],"five":[81],"indicators.":[82],"Multivariate":[83],"regression":[84],"multifactor":[86],"ANOVA":[87],"used":[89],"to":[90],"test":[91],"main":[92,142],"moderating":[94],"effects":[95],"six":[97],"contexts.":[99,178],"Results":[100],"show":[101],"that":[102],"(1)":[103],"Objective":[104],"indicators":[106],"exhibit":[110],"pattern":[112],"lower":[114],"values":[115,121],"center":[118],"higher":[120],"periphery.":[124],"(2)":[125],"The":[126],"Spatial":[127],"Green":[128],"Index,":[129,132,135],"Sky":[130],"Openness":[131],"Path":[133],"Freedom":[134],"Facility":[137],"Accessibility":[138],"Index":[139,149],"are":[140,160],"influencing":[143],"factors,":[144],"Interface":[147],"Enclosure":[148],"has":[150],"weakest":[152],"most":[154],"context-dependent":[155],"effect.":[156],"(3)":[157],"Intuition/Feeling":[158],"more":[161],"salient":[162],"leisure":[164],"exploration,":[166],"Judging/Thinking":[167],"transport,":[171],"Extraversion/Feeling":[173],"social":[175],"companion":[177],"These":[179],"findings":[180],"provide":[181],"evidence":[182],"for":[183],"optimizing":[184],"urban":[185],"spaces":[188],"multi-context":[191],"personality-informed":[193],"manner.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}
