{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154602969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040176","title":"Optimization of the Job\u2013Housing Balance in Megacities by Integrating Commuting Behavior Patterns: A Case Study of Shenzhen","display_name":"Optimization of the Job\u2013Housing Balance in Megacities by Integrating Commuting Behavior Patterns: A Case Study of Shenzhen","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154602969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15040176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/176/pdf?version=1776330434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/176/pdf?version=1776330434","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133744427","display_name":"Yuhong Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhong Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101290903","display_name":"Shuyan Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123392","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02ygbbs43","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133785418","display_name":"Changfeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117881","display_name":"China Academy of Urban Planning and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/0265jtk41","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099901","https://openalex.org/I4210117881","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing 100037, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing 100037, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117881"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028333408","display_name":"Wangshu Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wangshu Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-8025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028333408"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4442956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"176","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.3003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.3003000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.20020000636577606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.19290000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/megacity","display_name":"Megacity","score":0.858299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"Urbanization","score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.31189998984336853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127040729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174844","display_name":"Megacity","level":2,"score":0.858299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.5037999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.4943999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15040176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/176/pdf?version=1776330434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8818691348c64e069c1438ccd0d8891f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8818691348c64e069c1438ccd0d8891f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 15, Iss 4, p 176 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15040176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15040176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/4/176/pdf?version=1776330434","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7360230684280396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7656659856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3800105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321432","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154602969.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154602969.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1961075070","https://openalex.org/W1994413315","https://openalex.org/W2014196159","https://openalex.org/W2047822617","https://openalex.org/W2055380553","https://openalex.org/W2070640766","https://openalex.org/W2071484401","https://openalex.org/W2083118060","https://openalex.org/W2091732373","https://openalex.org/W2132313761","https://openalex.org/W2167794309","https://openalex.org/W2268235067","https://openalex.org/W2285921503","https://openalex.org/W2308472234","https://openalex.org/W2343937284","https://openalex.org/W2546050308","https://openalex.org/W2591877092","https://openalex.org/W2597079492","https://openalex.org/W2797294942","https://openalex.org/W2804862864","https://openalex.org/W3136389591","https://openalex.org/W3146598710","https://openalex.org/W3157574399","https://openalex.org/W3165093051","https://openalex.org/W3184169554","https://openalex.org/W3186633423","https://openalex.org/W3212395449","https://openalex.org/W4207040216","https://openalex.org/W4213223730","https://openalex.org/W4241345387","https://openalex.org/W4311786356","https://openalex.org/W4367178312","https://openalex.org/W4381235101","https://openalex.org/W4399283630","https://openalex.org/W4403733607","https://openalex.org/W4403759932","https://openalex.org/W4411021169","https://openalex.org/W4412882188"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"urbanization":[1],"in":[2],"megacities":[3],"has":[4],"exacerbated":[5],"the":[6,25,35,82,106,119,148,170,174],"spatial":[7,15,131],"mismatch":[8],"between":[9,47,86],"employment":[10,136],"and":[11,50,90,124,128],"housing,":[12],"necessitating":[13],"effective":[14],"optimization":[16,20,59,96],"strategies.":[17],"However,":[18],"classical":[19],"models":[21],"often":[22],"rely":[23],"on":[24,105],"idealized":[26],"assumption":[27],"of":[28,39,108,151,173],"\u201cproximity":[29],"maximization,\u201d":[30],"failing":[31],"to":[32,80,122,138],"account":[33],"for":[34,163],"complex,":[36],"nonlinear":[37],"regularities":[38],"actual":[40],"human":[41],"mobility.":[42],"To":[43],"address":[44],"this":[45,53,154],"disconnect":[46],"theoretical":[48],"modeling":[49],"real-world":[51],"behavior,":[52],"study":[54],"establishes":[55],"a":[56,69,94,159],"job\u2013housing":[57],"balance":[58],"framework":[60],"integrated":[61],"with":[62],"empirical":[63],"commuting":[64,75,87,152,166],"patterns.":[65],"Using":[66],"Shenzhen":[67],"as":[68],"case":[70],"study,":[71],"we":[72],"analyze":[73],"citywide":[74],"big":[76],"data":[77],"since":[78],"2024":[79],"characterize":[81],"power":[83],"law":[84],"relationship":[85],"population":[88],"size":[89],"distance.":[91],"We":[92,117],"propose":[93],"novel":[95],"model":[97],"that":[98,134],"partitions":[99],"residential":[100,144],"areas":[101,140],"into":[102],"\u201ccommuting":[103],"rings\u201d":[104],"basis":[107],"observed":[109],"distance-decay":[110],"functions":[111,137],"rather":[112],"than":[113],"simple":[114],"Euclidean":[115],"proximity.":[116],"applied":[118],"proposed":[120],"method":[121],"current":[123],"future":[125],"planning":[126],"scenarios":[127],"successfully":[129],"generated":[130],"regulation":[132],"schemes":[133],"decentralize":[135],"peripheral":[139],"while":[141],"strategically":[142],"densifying":[143],"zones.":[145],"By":[146],"respecting":[147],"\u201cheavy-tailed\u201d":[149],"nature":[150],"distributions,":[153],"approach":[155],"offers":[156],"urban":[157],"planners":[158],"more":[160],"robust":[161],"tool":[162],"reducing":[164],"aggregate":[165],"burdens":[167],"without":[168],"violating":[169],"behavioral":[171],"realities":[172],"workforce.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}