{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131348260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15030093","title":"TopoFarm: A Topology-Annotated Panoptic Dataset for Unauthorized Farmland Excavation Scene Representation","display_name":"TopoFarm: A Topology-Annotated Panoptic Dataset for Unauthorized Farmland Excavation Scene Representation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131348260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15030093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15030093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15030093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/3/93/pdf?version=1772015539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/3/93/pdf?version=1772015539","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113342196","display_name":"Shunxi Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5262-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunxi Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing 100830, China","National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046699203","display_name":"Wanzeng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wanzeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing 100830, China","National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126748592","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I211433327","display_name":"Ministry of Natural Resources","ror":"https://ror.org/02kxqx159","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120373","display_name":"Geospatial Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qq5pa23","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120373"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing 100830, China","Moganshan Geospatial Information Laboratory, Huzhou 313299, China","National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spatio-Temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moganshan Geospatial Information Laboratory, Huzhou 313299, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120373"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044894434","display_name":"Jiaxin Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9915-3768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120373","display_name":"Geospatial Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qq5pa23","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120373"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moganshan Geospatial Information Laboratory, Huzhou 313299, China","School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moganshan Geospatial Information Laboratory, Huzhou 313299, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120373"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101450033","display_name":"Jiadong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6305-4928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141849","display_name":"National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04z3map19","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing 100830, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046699203"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210141849"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":19.6428,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98034029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"93","last_page":"93"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.23340000212192535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.23340000212192535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.16660000383853912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12536","display_name":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","score":0.05590000003576279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panopticon","display_name":"Panopticon","score":0.7512000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excavation","display_name":"Excavation","score":0.4442000091075897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138569888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828310","display_name":"Panopticon","level":3,"score":0.7512000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6754000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.555899977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5224000215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.48750001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4848000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.4684999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4652999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.4442000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141904268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474","display_name":"Aqueduct","level":2,"score":0.2881999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199538142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q573980","display_name":"Topological map","level":4,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15030093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15030093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/3/93/pdf?version=1772015539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a46f6619c6c94978a10df09f70ef14c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a46f6619c6c94978a10df09f70ef14c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 93 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi15030093","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi15030093","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/15/3/93/pdf?version=1772015539","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.7399883270263672}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3240177076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42394060","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6468743202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3904205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848022529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42394062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131348260.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131348260.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W640760414","https://openalex.org/W1483417608","https://openalex.org/W1985713976","https://openalex.org/W2015594732","https://openalex.org/W2022915841","https://openalex.org/W2074538775","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2133039566","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2350707518","https://openalex.org/W2490071427","https://openalex.org/W2503162897","https://openalex.org/W2503367133","https://openalex.org/W2999219213","https://openalex.org/W3202652933","https://openalex.org/W4238294888","https://openalex.org/W4312420092","https://openalex.org/W4312815172","https://openalex.org/W4386071839","https://openalex.org/W4390043168","https://openalex.org/W4392011223","https://openalex.org/W4393154528","https://openalex.org/W4398194664","https://openalex.org/W4400102226","https://openalex.org/W4401068621","https://openalex.org/W4401235542","https://openalex.org/W4401477557","https://openalex.org/W4401537510","https://openalex.org/W4403340897","https://openalex.org/W4404091797","https://openalex.org/W4404135003","https://openalex.org/W4404613297","https://openalex.org/W4404672405","https://openalex.org/W4404809967","https://openalex.org/W4405865399","https://openalex.org/W4406172783","https://openalex.org/W4406457815","https://openalex.org/W4409968521","https://openalex.org/W4410329406","https://openalex.org/W4411505136","https://openalex.org/W4411653689","https://openalex.org/W4411929379","https://openalex.org/W4413811570","https://openalex.org/W4415043089","https://openalex.org/W4415992437"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unauthorized":[0],"farmland":[1,8,50,67,198],"excavation":[2,51,68],"is":[3,105],"a":[4,61,98,143,187],"prominent":[5],"manifestation":[6],"of":[7,18,151,174],"non-agriculturalization,":[9],"and":[10,20,87,115,137,169,180,191],"its":[11],"effective":[12],"monitoring":[13,199],"depends":[14],"on":[15,35,127,155,177],"structured":[16],"representations":[17],"objects":[19],"their":[21],"spatial":[22],"interactions":[23],"in":[24,49,197],"complex":[25,96],"scenes.":[26,69],"However,":[27],"the":[28,149,171],"existing":[29],"computer":[30],"vision":[31],"research":[32],"mainly":[33],"focuses":[34],"object-level":[36,152],"recognition":[37],"or":[38],"scene-level":[39],"classification,":[40],"while":[41],"lacking":[42],"datasets":[43],"that":[44,161],"explicitly":[45],"model":[46],"topological":[47,113,138,175],"relationships":[48],"scenarios.":[52],"To":[53,91],"address":[54],"this":[55,57],"limitation,":[56],"paper":[58],"presents":[59],"TopoFarm,":[60,128],"topology-annotated":[62],"panoptic":[63,73,110,135],"dataset":[64],"for":[65,134,166,194],"unauthorized":[66],"TopoFarm":[70,162,185],"provides":[71,186],"fine-grained":[72],"segmentation":[74,136],"annotations":[75],"together":[76],"with":[77,122,142],"pairwise":[78],"object":[79,178],"contact":[80],"relationship":[81,139],"labels,":[82],"enabling":[83],"joint":[84],"object\u2013relation":[85],"modeling":[86],"topology-aware":[88,195],"scene":[89,182],"representation.":[90],"improve":[92],"annotation":[93,120],"reliability":[94],"under":[95],"conditions,":[97],"human-in-the-loop":[99],"hybrid":[100],"intelligence":[101],"framework,":[102],"termed":[103],"HITPA,":[104],"introduced":[106],"to":[107,147],"integrate":[108],"automatic":[109],"segmentation,":[111],"depth-aware":[112],"reasoning,":[114,140],"expert-guided":[116],"refinement,":[117],"achieving":[118],"high":[119],"quality":[121,154],"controlled":[123],"manual":[124],"effort.":[125],"Based":[126],"systematic":[129],"benchmark":[130,193],"experiments":[131],"are":[132],"conducted":[133],"along":[141],"hierarchical":[144],"evaluation":[145,192],"protocol":[146],"analyze":[148],"impact":[150],"representation":[153],"relational":[156],"inference.":[157],"The":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"poses":[163],"substantial":[164],"challenges":[165],"both":[167],"tasks":[168],"highlight":[170],"strong":[172],"dependence":[173],"reasoning":[176],"accuracy":[179],"global":[181],"context.":[183],"Overall,":[184],"new":[188],"data":[189],"foundation":[190],"perception":[196],"applications.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}