{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417114582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14120482","title":"Quantifying Percent Traffic Congestion (pTC) and Mobility Bottleneck Dynamics at Atlanta\u2019s Spaghetti Junction","display_name":"Quantifying Percent Traffic Congestion (pTC) and Mobility Bottleneck Dynamics at Atlanta\u2019s Spaghetti Junction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417114582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14120482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14120482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14120482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14120482","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001280352","display_name":"Jeong Chang Seong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-8063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5950314","display_name":"University of West Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/01cqxk816","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5950314"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeong Chang Seong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Field Investigations & Experimental Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-8063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Field Investigations & Experimental Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5950314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103269397","display_name":"Jiwon Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-3454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwon Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate-Social Science Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate-Social Science Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jina Jang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jina Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate-Social Science Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate-Social Science Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101883250","display_name":"Seung Hee Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5950314","display_name":"University of West Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/01cqxk816","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5950314"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung Hee Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Field Investigations & Experimental Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Field Investigations & Experimental Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5950314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120721152","display_name":"Brian Vann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801828391","display_name":"Georgia Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ktzqz45","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801828391"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Vann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Department of Transportation, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Department of Transportation, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801828391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076324015","display_name":"Chul\u2010sue Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-2432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chul Sue Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate-Social Science Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-2432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate-Social Science Convergence, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001280352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5950314"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.7992,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78408102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"12","first_page":"482","last_page":"482"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.8984000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.8984000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.03280000016093254,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion","display_name":"Traffic congestion","score":0.613099992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-congestion-reconstruction-with-kerners-three-phase-theory","display_name":"Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase theory","score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-congestion","display_name":"Network congestion","score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congestion-management","display_name":"Congestion management","score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/travel-time","display_name":"Travel time","score":0.2928999960422516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6193000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.613099992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25492975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q960570","display_name":"Traffic congestion reconstruction with Kerner's three-phase theory","level":3,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195563490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180368","display_name":"Network congestion","level":3,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984524470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18141869","display_name":"Congestion management","level":4,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985733770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1233007","display_name":"Travel time","level":2,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183469790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333501","display_name":"Crash","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64093975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356677","display_name":"Floating car data","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8007445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13743387","display_name":"Congestion pricing","level":3,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14120482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14120482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3451959259e1407f8821388b1f3fd1d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3451959259e1407f8821388b1f3fd1d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 482 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14120482","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14120482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1859269388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00431049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321332","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485881041","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2170013645","https://openalex.org/W2573587735","https://openalex.org/W2710575985","https://openalex.org/W2927063284","https://openalex.org/W2939120428","https://openalex.org/W2945177784","https://openalex.org/W2998398068","https://openalex.org/W3015712039","https://openalex.org/W3032980493","https://openalex.org/W3119466994","https://openalex.org/W3211636982","https://openalex.org/W4200362175","https://openalex.org/W4285595054","https://openalex.org/W4327952710","https://openalex.org/W4390115014","https://openalex.org/W4392081557","https://openalex.org/W4392296344","https://openalex.org/W4394606895","https://openalex.org/W4402312559","https://openalex.org/W4404838422","https://openalex.org/W4407100896"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Highway":[0],"interchanges":[1],"are":[2],"vulnerable":[3],"components":[4],"of":[5,32,59,120],"transport":[6],"networks,":[7],"often":[8,24],"prone":[9],"to":[10,26,46,171],"congestion":[11,48,153,182,205],"and":[12,49,83,106,117,125,142,184,203],"crashes.":[13,190],"Traditional":[14],"monitoring":[15],"methods":[16],"like":[17],"loop":[18],"detectors":[19],"or":[20],"travel":[21,87,143],"time":[22,160],"queries":[23],"fail":[25],"capture":[27],"the":[28,60,74,92,137,168],"granular":[29],"spatiotemporal":[30],"distribution":[31],"bottlenecks":[33],"in":[34,206],"detail.":[35],"To":[36],"address":[37],"this":[38,40],"gap,":[39],"study":[41],"introduces":[42],"a":[43,151,197],"new":[44],"approach":[45],"quantify":[47],"analyze":[50],"bottleneck":[51],"dynamics":[52,119],"at":[53,167],"Atlanta\u2019s":[54],"Tom":[55],"Moreland":[56],"Interchange,":[57],"one":[58],"nation\u2019s":[61],"most":[62,128],"congested":[63],"sites.":[64],"A":[65,133],"percent":[66],"Traffic":[67,77,97],"Congestion":[68],"(pTC)":[69],"metric":[70],"was":[71,187],"developed":[72],"from":[73],"Google":[75,93],"Maps":[76,94],"Layer":[78],"for":[79,103,200],"twelve":[80],"directional":[81],"routes":[82],"validated":[84],"against":[85],"observed":[86],"times":[88,144],"obtained":[89],"independently":[90],"through":[91],"Routes":[95],"API.":[96],"imagery":[98],"collected":[99],"every":[100],"ten":[101],"minutes":[102],"four":[104],"months":[105],"746":[107],"crash":[108],"records":[109],"were":[110],"analyzed.":[111],"Findings":[112],"reveal":[113],"distinct":[114],"spatial":[115],"patterns":[116],"temporal":[118],"congestion,":[121],"with":[122,189],"northbound":[123],"I-85":[124,172],"eastbound":[126],"I-285":[127,169],"affected":[129],"during":[130],"afternoon":[131],"peaks.":[132],"quadratic":[134],"model":[135,157],"provided":[136],"best":[138],"fit":[139],"between":[140],"pTC":[141,149,159],"(R2":[145],"=":[146],"0.85),":[147],"confirming":[148],"as":[150],"reliable":[152],"indicator.":[154],"An":[155],"LSTM":[156],"using":[158,178],"series":[161],"also":[162],"accurately":[163],"predicted":[164],"mobility":[165],"trends":[166],"west":[170],"north":[173],"bottleneck.":[174],"Additionally,":[175],"Seasonal-Trend":[176],"decomposition":[177],"LOESS":[179],"(STL)":[180],"identified":[181],"anomalies,":[183],"their":[185],"association":[186],"analyzed":[188],"The":[191],"proposed":[192],"methodology":[193],"offers":[194],"transportation":[195],"agencies":[196],"cost-effective":[198],"framework":[199],"monitoring,":[201],"measuring,":[202],"understanding":[204],"complex":[207],"interchanges.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00"}