{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413279488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080315","title":"Towards Transparent Urban Perception: A Concept-Driven Framework with Visual Foundation Models","display_name":"Towards Transparent Urban Perception: A Concept-Driven Framework with Visual Foundation Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413279488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080315"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14080315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080315","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/315/pdf?version=1755572274","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/315/pdf?version=1755572274","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042856779","display_name":"Yixin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8639-4896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039884272","display_name":"Zepeng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-2510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zepeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551333","display_name":"Xuhua Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuhua Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Humanities and Arts, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005783140","display_name":"Ran Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412546","display_name":"Bowen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2974-9790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130188","display_name":"Museum of Japanese Art Yamato Bunkakan","ror":"https://ror.org/04cnkg888","country_code":"JP","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["D3 Center, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D3 Center, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908","https://openalex.org/I4210130188"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414871","display_name":"Jiaxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6330-6723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649914","display_name":"Nanchang University","ror":"https://ror.org/042v6xz23","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China","Environmental Design and Information Technology Laboratory, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6330-6723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Architecture and Design College, Nanchang University, No. 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Design and Information Technology Laboratory, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100414871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649914","https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18571429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"315","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9614999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","score":0.7838558554649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.7128797173500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40252193808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3371087312698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3318992257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3056967258453369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.7838558554649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.7128797173500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40252193808555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3371087312698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3318992257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3056967258453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14080315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080315","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/315/pdf?version=1755572274","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5f9892ee6d7e4a3ca76ace33a3f5facf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5f9892ee6d7e4a3ca76ace33a3f5facf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 315 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14080315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080315","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/315/pdf?version=1755572274","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413279488.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1651388307","https://openalex.org/W1968147892","https://openalex.org/W1979728958","https://openalex.org/W1984757605","https://openalex.org/W2130975440","https://openalex.org/W2163587156","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2375237876","https://openalex.org/W2811104224","https://openalex.org/W2951885001","https://openalex.org/W2962764844","https://openalex.org/W2964449086","https://openalex.org/W3108049163","https://openalex.org/W3114806706","https://openalex.org/W3175628560","https://openalex.org/W3195869152","https://openalex.org/W4200311016","https://openalex.org/W4283590008","https://openalex.org/W4294347834","https://openalex.org/W4308346342","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4379157549","https://openalex.org/W4382138521","https://openalex.org/W4382239155","https://openalex.org/W4382567565","https://openalex.org/W4386071596","https://openalex.org/W4387516514","https://openalex.org/W4389520460","https://openalex.org/W4390659096","https://openalex.org/W4390873481","https://openalex.org/W4392435044","https://openalex.org/W4394598027","https://openalex.org/W4395066799","https://openalex.org/W4396735245","https://openalex.org/W4399532573","https://openalex.org/W4402562853","https://openalex.org/W4405266263","https://openalex.org/W4406208390","https://openalex.org/W4406489800","https://openalex.org/W4407046542","https://openalex.org/W4407405944","https://openalex.org/W4407668362","https://openalex.org/W4411133740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2381393187","https://openalex.org/W2332779545","https://openalex.org/W2358060160","https://openalex.org/W2035483685","https://openalex.org/W1969764885","https://openalex.org/W596947562","https://openalex.org/W2793937822","https://openalex.org/W2790817834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"urban":[1,33,72,121,169],"visual":[2,47,78,98,170],"perception":[3],"is":[4],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,166],"modeling":[7],"how":[8],"individuals":[9],"cognitively":[10],"and":[11,26,51,70,137,141,149],"emotionally":[12],"interact":[13],"with":[14,100,162],"the":[15,40,89,147,157],"built":[16],"environment.":[17],"However,":[18],"traditional":[19],"survey-based":[20],"approaches":[21],"are":[22],"limited":[23],"in":[24,134,139,144],"scalability":[25],"often":[27],"fail":[28],"to":[29,54],"generalize":[30],"across":[31],"diverse":[32],"contexts.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"study,":[37],"we":[38],"introduce":[39],"UP-CBM,":[41],"a":[42,62,76],"transparent":[43,118],"framework":[44,105],"that":[45,87],"leverages":[46],"foundation":[48],"models":[49],"(VFMs)":[50],"concept-based":[52],"reasoning":[53,119],"address":[55],"these":[56],"challenges.":[57],"The":[58],"UP-CBM":[59],"automatically":[60],"constructs":[61],"task-specific":[63],"vocabulary":[64],"of":[65,91,132,151,159],"perceptual":[66,102],"concepts":[67],"using":[68],"GPT-4o":[69],"processes":[71],"scene":[73],"images":[74],"through":[75],"multi-scale":[77],"prompting":[79],"pipeline.":[80],"This":[81],"pipeline":[82],"generates":[83],"CLIP-based":[84],"similarity":[85],"maps":[86],"facilitate":[88],"learning":[90],"an":[92],"interpretable":[93],"bottleneck":[94],"layer,":[95],"effectively":[96],"linking":[97],"features":[99],"human":[101],"judgments.":[103],"Our":[104],"not":[106],"only":[107],"achieves":[108],"higher":[109],"predictive":[110],"accuracy":[111,136],"but":[112],"also":[113],"offers":[114],"enhanced":[115],"interpretability,":[116],"enabling":[117],"about":[120],"perception.":[122],"Experiments":[123],"on":[124],"two":[125],"benchmark":[126],"datasets\u2014Place":[127],"Pulse":[128],"2.0":[129],"(achieving":[130],"improvements":[131],"+0.041":[133],"comparison":[135],"+0.029":[138],"R2)":[140],"VRVWPR":[142],"(+0.018":[143],"classification":[145],"accuracy)\u2014demonstrate":[146],"effectiveness":[148],"generalizability":[150],"our":[152],"approach.":[153],"These":[154],"results":[155],"underscore":[156],"potential":[158],"integrating":[160],"VFMs":[161],"structured":[163],"concept-driven":[164],"pipelines":[165],"more":[167],"explainable":[168],"analytics.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
