{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413416134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080311","title":"A Pyramid Convolution-Based Scene Coordinate Regression Network for AR-GIS","display_name":"A Pyramid Convolution-Based Scene Coordinate Regression Network for AR-GIS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413416134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080311"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14080311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/311/pdf?version=1755250834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/311/pdf?version=1755250834","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044810210","display_name":"Haobo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439939","display_name":"Yilong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-9296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100534939","display_name":"Huachen Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huachen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Geomatics and Remote Sensing Center, Chongqing 401120, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Geomatics and Remote Sensing Center, Chongqing 401120, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014081936","display_name":"Wei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4077-5372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Smart City, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17683628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"311","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6972194910049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.6893883347511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5774411559104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48375391960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.47622543573379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41930192708969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4013470411300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.32600295543670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.31475895643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2988203763961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.11774593591690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.0778236985206604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6972194910049438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6893883347511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5774411559104919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48375391960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.47622543573379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41930192708969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4013470411300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32600295543670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31475895643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2988203763961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11774593591690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0778236985206604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14080311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/311/pdf?version=1755250834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:348a99d2988f4f5c8233f700edf2fdff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/348a99d2988f4f5c8233f700edf2fdff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 311 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14080311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14080311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/8/311/pdf?version=1755250834","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413416134.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413416134.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989476314","https://openalex.org/W2080575740","https://openalex.org/W2096601838","https://openalex.org/W2097649661","https://openalex.org/W2122122381","https://openalex.org/W2130101746","https://openalex.org/W2200124539","https://openalex.org/W2472269674","https://openalex.org/W2522940611","https://openalex.org/W2556455135","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570095262","https://openalex.org/W2593174349","https://openalex.org/W2605111497","https://openalex.org/W2790053195","https://openalex.org/W2883804845","https://openalex.org/W2898255154","https://openalex.org/W2898427581","https://openalex.org/W2900564803","https://openalex.org/W2962705366","https://openalex.org/W2963024893","https://openalex.org/W2963856988","https://openalex.org/W2976929055","https://openalex.org/W2982681214","https://openalex.org/W2983134350","https://openalex.org/W2999174152","https://openalex.org/W3011529271","https://openalex.org/W3017008958","https://openalex.org/W3034275286","https://openalex.org/W3137702032","https://openalex.org/W3138197200","https://openalex.org/W3141835154","https://openalex.org/W3176602998","https://openalex.org/W3197257692","https://openalex.org/W3198072185","https://openalex.org/W4224230831","https://openalex.org/W4225463530","https://openalex.org/W4280620766","https://openalex.org/W4283653915","https://openalex.org/W4301398898","https://openalex.org/W4306898320","https://openalex.org/W4312280188","https://openalex.org/W4312324589","https://openalex.org/W4312606103","https://openalex.org/W4312639824","https://openalex.org/W4312974334","https://openalex.org/W4318200373","https://openalex.org/W4380047975","https://openalex.org/W4385748643","https://openalex.org/W4386071582","https://openalex.org/W4386076195","https://openalex.org/W4386763758","https://openalex.org/W4387250108","https://openalex.org/W4398140882","https://openalex.org/W4400641313","https://openalex.org/W4402352146","https://openalex.org/W4405446151","https://openalex.org/W4406499808","https://openalex.org/W4408226279","https://openalex.org/W4408613818","https://openalex.org/W4409057811","https://openalex.org/W6728245684","https://openalex.org/W6769487176","https://openalex.org/W6774119771","https://openalex.org/W6774624596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249847449","https://openalex.org/W44395729","https://openalex.org/W2765338038","https://openalex.org/W1496225612","https://openalex.org/W1523500768","https://openalex.org/W1566843515","https://openalex.org/W4292850564","https://openalex.org/W2181660907","https://openalex.org/W4386191828","https://openalex.org/W4311481619"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Camera":[0],"tracking":[1,31],"plays":[2],"a":[3,19,66,77,107,126,165,172],"pivotal":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,37,43,48,55,125,154,160,186],"augmented":[7,183],"reality":[8,184],"geographic":[9],"information":[10],"systems":[11],"(AR-GIS)":[12],"and":[13,26,53,86,115,157,178,180],"location-based":[14],"services":[15],"(LBS),":[16],"serving":[17],"as":[18],"crucial":[20],"component":[21],"for":[22],"accurate":[23],"spatial":[24],"awareness":[25],"navigation.":[27],"Current":[28],"learning-based":[29],"camera":[30],"techniques,":[32],"while":[33,95],"achieving":[34],"superior":[35],"accuracy":[36,153,159,177],"pose":[38],"estimation,":[39],"often":[40],"overlook":[41],"changes":[42],"scale.":[44],"This":[45],"oversight":[46],"results":[47],"less":[49],"stable":[50],"localization":[51,176],"performance":[52],"challenges":[54],"coping":[56],"with":[57,141],"dynamic":[58,187],"environments.":[59,188],"To":[60],"address":[61],"these":[62],"tasks,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"pyramid":[67],"convolution-based":[68],"scene":[69,139],"coordinate":[70],"regression":[71,127],"network":[72,105],"(PSN).":[73],"Our":[74],"approach":[75],"leverages":[76],"pyramidal":[78],"convolutional":[79],"structure,":[80],"integrating":[81],"kernels":[82],"of":[83,168],"varying":[84],"sizes":[85],"depths,":[87],"alongside":[88],"grouped":[89],"convolutions":[90],"that":[91,129,147],"alleviate":[92],"computational":[93],"demands":[94],"capturing":[96],"multi-scale":[97],"features":[98],"from":[99],"the":[100,104,118,131],"input":[101],"imagery.":[102],"Subsequently,":[103],"incorporates":[106],"novel":[108],"randomization":[109],"strategy,":[110],"effectively":[111,181],"diminishing":[112],"correlated":[113],"gradients":[114],"markedly":[116],"bolstering":[117],"training":[119],"process\u2019s":[120],"efficiency.":[121],"The":[122,143],"culmination":[123],"lies":[124],"layer":[128],"maps":[130],"2D":[132],"pixel":[133],"coordinates":[134,140],"to":[135],"their":[136],"corresponding":[137],"3D":[138],"precision.":[142],"experimental":[144],"outcomes":[145],"show":[146],"our":[148],"proposed":[149],"method":[150],"achieves":[151],"centimeter-level":[152],"small-scale":[155],"scenes":[156,162],"decimeter-level":[158],"large-scale":[161],"after":[163],"only":[164],"few":[166],"minutes":[167],"training.":[169],"It":[170],"offers":[171],"favorable":[173],"balance":[174],"between":[175],"efficiency,":[179],"supports":[182],"visualization":[185]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}