{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411234793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060232","title":"A Wind Turbines Dataset for South Africa: OpenStreetMap Data, Deep Learning Based Geo-Coordinate Correction and Capacity Analysis","display_name":"A Wind Turbines Dataset for South Africa: OpenStreetMap Data, Deep Learning Based Geo-Coordinate Correction and Capacity Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411234793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749736004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749736004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063362924","display_name":"Maximilian Kleebauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-3473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159473","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptp9d64","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159473","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Kleebauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany","Energy Meteorology and Geo Information System, Fraunhofer IEE, 34117 Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-3473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Meteorology and Geo Information System, Fraunhofer IEE, 34117 Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040496252","display_name":"Stefan Karamanski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-4225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Karamanski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Supply and Demand Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-4225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Supply and Demand Group, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002024923","display_name":"Doron Callies","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159473","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptp9d64","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159473","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doron Callies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany","Energy Meteorology and Geo Information System, Fraunhofer IEE, 34117 Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Meteorology and Geo Information System, Fraunhofer IEE, 34117 Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159473"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019584567","display_name":"Martin Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-6760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159473","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05ptp9d64","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159473","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany","Energy Meteorology and Geo Information System, Fraunhofer IEE, 34117 Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-6760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Management and Power System Operation, University of Kassel, 34121 Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Meteorology and Geo Information System, Fraunhofer IEE, 34117 Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159473"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063362924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433","https://openalex.org/I4210159473"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":8.5653,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96749226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"232","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9745000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.5405442118644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5046917200088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4344088137149811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.3465162515640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34213268756866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3385957181453705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3355443477630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2610709071159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1508447527885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.05533474683761597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5405442118644714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5046917200088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4344088137149811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.3465162515640259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34213268756866455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3385957181453705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3355443477630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2610709071159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1508447527885437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.05533474683761597}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749736004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dfb784e9434945d5ae53e5fdb52a2020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dfb784e9434945d5ae53e5fdb52a2020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 232 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/489087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/489087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749736004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320682","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411234793.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2063935068","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2562366300","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2725897987","https://openalex.org/W2744637967","https://openalex.org/W2800546200","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W3082631674","https://openalex.org/W3126302724","https://openalex.org/W3186122083","https://openalex.org/W3206155269","https://openalex.org/W4280543918","https://openalex.org/W4296365400","https://openalex.org/W4389546729","https://openalex.org/W4402260905","https://openalex.org/W4407904822","https://openalex.org/W4408079955","https://openalex.org/W4408186730","https://openalex.org/W4408225709","https://openalex.org/W4409247027","https://openalex.org/W4410279415","https://openalex.org/W6838548171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2557657611","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W1983126463"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,17,32,44,66,101,113,130,135,151,162,172,195],"detailed":[2],"spatial":[3,28,122,191],"data":[4,57],"on":[5,121,177],"wind":[6,49,76,178,200],"energy":[7,13,193,201],"infrastructure":[8],"is":[9,94,168,205],"essential":[10],"for":[11,190],"renewable":[12],"planning,":[14],"grid":[15],"integration,":[16],"system":[18],"analysis.":[19],"However,":[20],"publicly":[21,174,206],"available":[22,175],"datasets":[23],"often":[24],"suffer":[25],"from":[26],"limited":[27],"accuracy,":[29],"missing":[30],"attributes,":[31],"inconsistent":[33],"metadata.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"these":[37],"challenges,":[38],"this":[39],"study":[40],"presents":[41],"a":[42,104,145,187],"harmonized":[43],"spatially":[45],"refined":[46],"dataset":[47,70,143,167,176,204],"of":[48,82,86,118,148],"turbines":[50,73,179],"in":[51,180],"South":[52,181],"Africa,":[53],"combining":[54],"OpenStreetMap":[55],"(OSM)":[56],"with":[58,137],"high-resolution":[59],"satellite":[60,115],"imagery,":[61],"deep":[62],"learning-based":[63],"coordinate":[64],"correction,":[65],"manual":[67],"curation.":[68],"The":[69,97,165,203],"includes":[71],"1487":[72],"across":[74,154],"42":[75],"farms,":[77],"representing":[78],"over":[79],"3.9":[80],"GW":[81,93],"installed":[83],"capacity":[84],"as":[85],"2025.":[87],"Of":[88],"this,":[89],"more":[90],"than":[91],"3.6":[92],"currently":[95],"operational.":[96],"Geo-Coordinates":[98],"were":[99],"validated":[100],"corrected":[102],"using":[103],"RetinaNet-based":[105],"object":[106],"detection":[107],"model":[108],"applied":[109],"to":[110,183,199],"both":[111],"Google":[112],"Bing":[114],"imagery.":[116],"Instead":[117],"relying":[119],"solely":[120],"precision,":[123],"the":[124,141,169],"curation":[125],"process":[126],"emphasized":[127],"attribute":[128,149],"completeness":[129,150],"consistency.":[131],"Through":[132],"systematic":[133],"verification":[134],"cross-referencing":[136],"multiple":[138],"public":[139],"sources,":[140],"final":[142],"achieves":[144],"high":[146],"level":[147],"internal":[152],"consistency":[153],"all":[155],"turbines,":[156],"including":[157],"turbine":[158],"type,":[159],"rated":[160],"capacity,":[161],"commissioning":[163],"year.":[164],"resulting":[166],"most":[170],"accurate":[171],"comprehensive":[173],"Africa":[182],"date.":[184],"It":[185],"provides":[186],"robust":[188],"foundation":[189],"analysis,":[192],"modeling,":[194],"policy":[196],"assessment":[197],"related":[198],"development.":[202],"available.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}