{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410902317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060213","title":"Flow-Based Community Search Approach for Functionally Cohesive Building Group Recognition: A Case Study on Commercial Complexes","display_name":"Flow-Based Community Search Approach for Functionally Cohesive Building Group Recognition: A Case Study on Commercial Complexes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410902317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14060213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060213","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/213/pdf?version=1748527287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/213/pdf?version=1748527287","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Taiyang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4967-3996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taiyang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100029, China","School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4967-3996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103164782","display_name":"Pengxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5584-1005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104189018","display_name":"D.L Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daozhu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449822","display_name":"Pengcheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-1538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-1538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081235198","display_name":"Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100029, China","School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-527X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Smart Earth, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104189018"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11962281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"213","last_page":"213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9200999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.5761593580245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.5434560775756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3782038390636444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3215392827987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27177006006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12489661574363708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08951780200004578}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5761593580245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5434560775756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3782038390636444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3215392827987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27177006006240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12489661574363708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08951780200004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14060213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060213","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/213/pdf?version=1748527287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a52829944be74e6391ee66d94bcbe6d3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a52829944be74e6391ee66d94bcbe6d3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 213 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14060213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14060213","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/6/213/pdf?version=1748527287","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4364517389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471486","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410902317.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410902317.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W248604449","https://openalex.org/W1995656354","https://openalex.org/W2032195236","https://openalex.org/W2038920443","https://openalex.org/W2072662891","https://openalex.org/W2124258270","https://openalex.org/W2125895010","https://openalex.org/W2153207204","https://openalex.org/W2315859192","https://openalex.org/W2367680083","https://openalex.org/W2475388035","https://openalex.org/W2497713597","https://openalex.org/W2521809795","https://openalex.org/W2547646153","https://openalex.org/W2621145626","https://openalex.org/W2774854434","https://openalex.org/W2781423162","https://openalex.org/W2811210411","https://openalex.org/W2920964209","https://openalex.org/W2921092565","https://openalex.org/W2927502552","https://openalex.org/W2943500295","https://openalex.org/W2962788915","https://openalex.org/W2994972229","https://openalex.org/W3015714164","https://openalex.org/W3034407514","https://openalex.org/W3081199232","https://openalex.org/W3131012214","https://openalex.org/W3199599678","https://openalex.org/W4220996987","https://openalex.org/W4281661694","https://openalex.org/W4293518838","https://openalex.org/W4295953407","https://openalex.org/W4385653227","https://openalex.org/W4386967091","https://openalex.org/W4387119358","https://openalex.org/W4392887604","https://openalex.org/W4396669897","https://openalex.org/W4400767983","https://openalex.org/W4403420181","https://openalex.org/W4405764821","https://openalex.org/W4407786033","https://openalex.org/W4408400711"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognizing":[0],"functionally":[1,141],"cohesive":[2,142],"building":[3,77,143],"groups":[4],"is":[5],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,139],"urban":[8,149],"analysis,":[9],"geospatial":[10],"intelligence,":[11],"and":[12,23,28,54,71,85,136,151],"smart":[13],"city":[14],"applications.":[15],"Traditional":[16],"methods":[17],"rely":[18],"heavily":[19],"on":[20,81,90,120],"geometric":[21],"information":[22],"often":[24],"overlook":[25],"the":[26,113,130],"functional":[27,86],"semantic":[29],"coherence":[30,84],"of":[31,64,105],"buildings,":[32],"leading":[33],"to":[34,112],"their":[35],"incorrect":[36],"recognition.":[37],"To":[38],"overcome":[39],"these":[40],"challenges,":[41],"this":[42],"study":[43],"introduces":[44],"a":[45,58],"flow-based":[46,68],"community":[47,69,72],"search":[48],"approach,":[49],"which":[50],"models":[51],"morphological,":[52],"functional,":[53],"spatial":[55],"relationships":[56],"with":[57,145],"graph-based":[59],"representation.":[60],"The":[61],"approach":[62,97,132],"consists":[63],"graph":[65],"representation":[66],"learning,":[67],"generation,":[70],"quality":[73],"assessment,":[74],"enabling":[75],"adaptive":[76],"group":[78],"recognition":[79,93],"based":[80],"both":[82],"structural":[83],"similarity.":[87],"Experimental":[88],"results":[89],"commercial":[91],"complex":[92],"demonstrate":[94],"that":[95],"our":[96],"consistently":[98],"outperforms":[99],"traditional":[100],"methods,":[101],"achieving":[102],"an":[103,134],"improvement":[104],"over":[106],"5.4%":[107],"in":[108,148],"F1":[109],"score":[110],"compared":[111],"second-best":[114],"method.":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"its":[117,125],"strong":[118],"performance":[119],"limited":[121],"training":[122],"datasets":[123],"highlights":[124],"robustness.":[126],"These":[127],"findings":[128],"establish":[129],"proposed":[131],"as":[133],"effective":[135],"reliable":[137],"tool":[138],"recognizing":[140],"groups,":[144],"practical":[146],"viability":[147],"planning":[150],"policy":[152],"formulation.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
