{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406995912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020053","title":"A Blockchain Copyright Protection Model Based on Vector Map Unique Identification","display_name":"A Blockchain Copyright Protection Model Based on Vector Map Unique Identification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406995912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020053"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14020053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020053","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/53/pdf?version=1738230450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/53/pdf?version=1738230450","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090582844","display_name":"Heyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5995-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116088997","display_name":"Nannan Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nannan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Security and Application, Changsha 410004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Security and Application, Changsha 410004, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041350470","display_name":"Changqing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0347-2648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038264113","display_name":"Na Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1113-6494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152031979","display_name":"Nanjing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/036trcv74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141657","display_name":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application","ror":"https://ror.org/045yewh40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Na Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution, Nanjing 210023, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427133","display_name":"Changhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-7644"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Security and Application, Changsha 410004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information Security and Application, Changsha 410004, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038264113"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152031979","https://openalex.org/I4210141657"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.0044,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72719799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"53","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9481083154678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6402959227561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46419915556907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4588928520679474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","score":0.4196145236492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3312612771987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07594567537307739}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9481083154678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6402959227561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46419915556907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4588928520679474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92087593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427389","display_name":"Vector (molecular biology)","level":4,"score":0.4196145236492157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3312612771987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07594567537307739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40767141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285697","display_name":"Recombinant DNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14020053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020053","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/53/pdf?version=1738230450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e670f1e2670543028b0db509500779cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e670f1e2670543028b0db509500779cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 53 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14020053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020053","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/53/pdf?version=1738230450","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G385213957","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3886341063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ8360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4234997300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3907100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4799290058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42471440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6867746510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ8360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7420073291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3907100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G890384229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ8360","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406995912.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499830065","https://openalex.org/W1980469078","https://openalex.org/W2003357237","https://openalex.org/W2070279769","https://openalex.org/W2125820283","https://openalex.org/W2382936164","https://openalex.org/W2784942607","https://openalex.org/W2789305240","https://openalex.org/W2808861077","https://openalex.org/W2810599011","https://openalex.org/W2883500013","https://openalex.org/W2889458682","https://openalex.org/W2913963972","https://openalex.org/W2914735843","https://openalex.org/W2921624261","https://openalex.org/W2951407547","https://openalex.org/W2986712076","https://openalex.org/W3005115714","https://openalex.org/W3006032778","https://openalex.org/W3008551695","https://openalex.org/W3015457841","https://openalex.org/W3025169815","https://openalex.org/W3039142127","https://openalex.org/W3055399526","https://openalex.org/W3102447093","https://openalex.org/W3110063481","https://openalex.org/W3122129315","https://openalex.org/W3129279864","https://openalex.org/W3141093175","https://openalex.org/W3159591730","https://openalex.org/W3208144280","https://openalex.org/W3215968185","https://openalex.org/W4226000197","https://openalex.org/W4226245678","https://openalex.org/W4308456703","https://openalex.org/W4309632410","https://openalex.org/W4321495652","https://openalex.org/W4366418146","https://openalex.org/W4366752369","https://openalex.org/W4376120214","https://openalex.org/W4377090055","https://openalex.org/W4387458154","https://openalex.org/W4388052856","https://openalex.org/W4388575419","https://openalex.org/W4388723322","https://openalex.org/W4392408832","https://openalex.org/W6629745810","https://openalex.org/W6754513042","https://openalex.org/W6852796644","https://openalex.org/W6862885894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Combining":[0],"blockchain":[1,34,146],"technology":[2],"with":[3],"digital":[4],"watermarking":[5,59],"presents":[6],"an":[7],"efficient":[8],"solution":[9],"for":[10,30,149,170],"safeguarding":[11],"vector":[12,25,66,85,171],"map":[13,150],"files.":[14],"However,":[15],"the":[16,84,92,112,123,128,132,138,142],"large":[17],"data":[18,118,151],"volume":[19],"and":[20,68,77,119,135],"stringent":[21],"confidentiality":[22,159],"requirements":[23,148],"of":[24,115,137,155,167],"maps":[26,67,86],"pose":[27],"significant":[28],"challenges":[29],"direct":[31],"registration":[32],"on":[33,74,91,122],"platforms.":[35],"To":[36,94],"overcome":[37],"these":[38],"limitations,":[39],"this":[40],"paper":[41],"proposes":[42],"a":[43,55,99,153],"blockchain-based":[44],"copyright":[45,97,168],"protection":[46,169],"model":[47,53],"utilizing":[48],"unique":[49,71,113],"identifiers":[50,72,114,139],"(BCPM-UI).":[51],"The":[52],"employs":[54],"distance":[56],"ratio-based":[57],"quantization":[58],"algorithm":[60,105],"to":[61],"embed":[62],"watermark":[63],"information":[64],"into":[65],"then":[69],"generates":[70],"based":[73],"their":[75],"topological":[76],"geometric":[78],"parameters.":[79],"These":[80],"identifiers,":[81],"rather":[82],"than":[83],"themselves,":[87],"are":[88],"securely":[89],"registered":[90],"blockchain.":[93,124],"ensure":[95],"reliable":[96],"verification,":[98],"bit":[100],"error":[101],"rate":[102],"(BER)-based":[103],"matching":[104],"is":[106],"introduced,":[107],"enabling":[108],"accurate":[109],"comparison":[110],"between":[111],"suspected":[116],"infringing":[117],"those":[120],"stored":[121],"Experimental":[125],"results":[126],"validate":[127],"model\u2019s":[129],"effectiveness,":[130],"demonstrating":[131],"high":[133],"uniqueness":[134],"robustness":[136],"generated.":[140],"Additionally,":[141],"proposed":[143],"approach":[144],"reduces":[145],"storage":[147],"by":[152],"factor":[154],"200,":[156],"thereby":[157],"meeting":[158],"standards":[160],"while":[161],"maintaining":[162],"practical":[163],"applicability":[164],"in":[165],"terms":[166],"maps.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
