{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406867739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020044","title":"Spatial Dynamics and Drivers of Urban Growth in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam: Insights for Urban Sustainability in the Global South","display_name":"Spatial Dynamics and Drivers of Urban Growth in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam: Insights for Urban Sustainability in the Global South","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406867739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/44/pdf?version=1737791042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/44/pdf?version=1737791042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055334344","display_name":"Olabisi S. Obaitor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-1859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olabisi S. Obaitor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-1859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037932745","display_name":"Oluwafemi Odunsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwafemi Michael Odunsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Geoinformation Sciences, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Universt\u00e4tstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Geoinformation Sciences, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Universt\u00e4tstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062227940","display_name":"Thanh Bien Vu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh Bien Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053638059","display_name":"Lena C. Grobusch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7317-4735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena C. Grobusch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7317-4735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089873838","display_name":"Michael Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-090X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-090X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026617860","display_name":"Volker Hochschild","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Hochschild","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, Institute of Geography, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108706241","display_name":"Linh Nguyen Hoang Khanh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095101","display_name":"Hue University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qaa6j11","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095101"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linh Nguyen Hoang Khanh","raw_affiliation_strings":["International School, Hue University, Hue City 0234, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-0575","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International School, Hue University, Hue City 0234, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058834792","display_name":"Matthias Garschagen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9492-4463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Garschagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human Environment Relations (HER), Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055334344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":7.6782,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96065043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"44","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.8682000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14101","display_name":"Financial Crisis of the 21st Century","score":0.8284000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.7731999754905701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.7281457185745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"Hue","score":0.7151217460632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.667400062084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.5352230072021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamics","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","score":0.49901556968688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-sustainability","display_name":"Urban sustainability","score":0.4139370322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.37348610162734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.14205700159072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11899170279502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08033227920532227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.7281457185745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.7151217460632324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.667400062084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5352230072021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.49901556968688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994339824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7649624","display_name":"Urban sustainability","level":3,"score":0.4139370322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.37348610162734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14205700159072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11899170279502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08033227920532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/44/pdf?version=1737791042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be3047362ec4455d80cab1161bb0d7e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be3047362ec4455d80cab1161bb0d7e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 44 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/14/2/44/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pages: 44","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi14020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14020044","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/14/2/44/pdf?version=1737791042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406867739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406867739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":108,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591645048","https://openalex.org/W1957450087","https://openalex.org/W1966465851","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1976312685","https://openalex.org/W1976845186","https://openalex.org/W1993158459","https://openalex.org/W1995164928","https://openalex.org/W2001148873","https://openalex.org/W2004056710","https://openalex.org/W2012061504","https://openalex.org/W2018102144","https://openalex.org/W2023686520","https://openalex.org/W2051433843","https://openalex.org/W2066131315","https://openalex.org/W2120000166","https://openalex.org/W2169468034","https://openalex.org/W2209324255","https://openalex.org/W2339171758","https://openalex.org/W2522153420","https://openalex.org/W2557920528","https://openalex.org/W2564747588","https://openalex.org/W2742101884","https://openalex.org/W2743999323","https://openalex.org/W2744455187","https://openalex.org/W2747334613","https://openalex.org/W2789558410","https://openalex.org/W2793061134","https://openalex.org/W2892719017","https://openalex.org/W2899053642","https://openalex.org/W2906992378","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2916706735","https://openalex.org/W2937796394","https://openalex.org/W2937869772","https://openalex.org/W2956768499","https://openalex.org/W2963721060","https://openalex.org/W2979654316","https://openalex.org/W2995337162","https://openalex.org/W2998120305","https://openalex.org/W2999024689","https://openalex.org/W3003807341","https://openalex.org/W3010762941","https://openalex.org/W3011989342","https://openalex.org/W3022476827","https://openalex.org/W3024394410","https://openalex.org/W3081569000","https://openalex.org/W3093521268","https://openalex.org/W3108325210","https://openalex.org/W3111694151","https://openalex.org/W3112056203","https://openalex.org/W3119180290","https://openalex.org/W3121716014","https://openalex.org/W3124137961","https://openalex.org/W3160891842","https://openalex.org/W3161558883","https://openalex.org/W3161609647","https://openalex.org/W3164016828","https://openalex.org/W3173758068","https://openalex.org/W3176416005","https://openalex.org/W3183559988","https://openalex.org/W3191188471","https://openalex.org/W3196552943","https://openalex.org/W3212613360","https://openalex.org/W3217142355","https://openalex.org/W4206573060","https://openalex.org/W4250851998","https://openalex.org/W4285008540","https://openalex.org/W4287509770","https://openalex.org/W4309706520","https://openalex.org/W4313201801","https://openalex.org/W4315465177","https://openalex.org/W4319441621","https://openalex.org/W4362660651","https://openalex.org/W4362699007","https://openalex.org/W4366759657","https://openalex.org/W4382794139","https://openalex.org/W4386095817","https://openalex.org/W4388343610","https://openalex.org/W4389134601","https://openalex.org/W4390818225","https://openalex.org/W4392560083","https://openalex.org/W4393183123","https://openalex.org/W4393859747","https://openalex.org/W4393946337","https://openalex.org/W4396606829","https://openalex.org/W4398692011","https://openalex.org/W4399075390","https://openalex.org/W4399219438","https://openalex.org/W4399219638","https://openalex.org/W4399577286","https://openalex.org/W4399680121","https://openalex.org/W4400869343","https://openalex.org/W4404045297","https://openalex.org/W6601578796","https://openalex.org/W6671274272","https://openalex.org/W6686047815","https://openalex.org/W6739703654","https://openalex.org/W6746780306","https://openalex.org/W6765234376","https://openalex.org/W6786390228","https://openalex.org/W6788259949","https://openalex.org/W6830308424","https://openalex.org/W6852790312","https://openalex.org/W6854121033","https://openalex.org/W6863010155","https://openalex.org/W6877655642","https://openalex.org/W7019160937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4320518079","https://openalex.org/W2039822179","https://openalex.org/W4386771591","https://openalex.org/W2972873516","https://openalex.org/W2074864407","https://openalex.org/W3042567859","https://openalex.org/W2981236682","https://openalex.org/W408870137","https://openalex.org/W1531070595","https://openalex.org/W2317335358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Investigating":[0],"the":[1,22,63,92,155,163,175,178,198],"historical":[2],"patterns":[3],"of":[4,21,159,180],"urban":[5,15,38,64,71,93,160,170],"growth":[6,39,65,83,161],"and":[7,50,58,68,77,101,107,124,150,195],"their":[8],"drivers":[9,80,158],"is":[10,172],"crucial":[11],"to":[12,61,133,138,143,147,152],"informing":[13],"sustainable":[14],"planning":[16],"policies,":[17],"especially":[18,117,185],"in":[19,84,104,128,162,174,197],"cities":[20],"Global":[23],"South.":[24],"In":[25],"Vietnam,":[26],"most":[27],"studies":[28],"focus":[29],"primarily":[30],"on":[31],"city":[32],"extents,":[33],"offering":[34],"little":[35],"insight":[36],"into":[37],"across":[40],"various":[41],"provinces.":[42],"This":[43],"study,":[44],"therefore,":[45],"combined":[46],"categorical":[47],"land":[48,51,75,94,114,182,187],"use":[49,115,183,188],"cover":[52],"change":[53],"detection,":[54],"Random":[55],"Forest":[56],"classification":[57],"expert":[59],"interviews":[60],"quantify":[62],"between":[66],"2000":[67],"2020,":[69,108],"assess":[70],"encroachment":[72,111],"upon":[73,112],"other":[74,113,181],"uses,":[76],"identify":[78],"key":[79],"shaping":[81],"this":[82],"Thua":[85],"Thien":[86],"Hue":[87],"province.":[88,164,199],"Findings":[89],"show":[90],"that":[91,168],"areas":[95],"were":[96],"27.94":[97],"km2,":[98,100],"82.97":[99],"209.80":[102],"km2":[103],"2000,":[105],"2010,":[106],"respectively.":[109],"Urban":[110],"types,":[116,184,189],"cropland,":[118],"barren":[119],"land,":[120],"rice":[121,139],"paddies,":[122,140],"shrubs,":[123],"forests,":[125],"was":[126],"observed":[127],"these":[129],"periods.":[130],"Additionally,":[131],"accessibility":[132,146],"built-up":[134],"areas,":[135,149],"DEM,":[136],"proximity":[137,142,151],"slope,":[141],"street":[144],"roads,":[145],"social":[148],"cropland":[153],"are":[154],"major":[156],"spatial":[157],"The":[165],"study":[166],"concludes":[167],"rapid":[169],"expansion":[171],"evident":[173],"province":[176],"at":[177],"expense":[179],"agricultural":[186],"which":[190],"may":[191],"impact":[192],"food":[193],"security":[194],"livelihoods":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}