{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394814174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040130","title":"Multi-Criteria Framework for Routing on Access Land: A Case Study on Dartmoor National Park","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Framework for Routing on Access Land: A Case Study on Dartmoor National Park","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394814174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13040130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/130/pdf?version=1713089020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/130/pdf?version=1713089020","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095693174","display_name":"Rafael Felipe Sprent","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Felipe Sprent","raw_affiliation_strings":["SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056082244","display_name":"James Haworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-4266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Haworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-4266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024272400","display_name":"Stefano Cavazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342692935","display_name":"Ordnance Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/02xqyv944","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342692935"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Cavazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ordnance Survey, Adanac Drive, Southampton SO16 0AS, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-0365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ordnance Survey, Adanac Drive, Southampton SO16 0AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342692935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075611724","display_name":"Ilya Ilyankou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7082-7122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilya Ilyankou","raw_affiliation_strings":["SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7082-7122","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SpaceTimeLab, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095693174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.3681,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64618232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"130","last_page":"130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11793","display_name":"Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7311500310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6536349058151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dijkstras-algorithm","display_name":"Dijkstra's algorithm","score":0.6512060165405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.6090146899223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5776317119598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.532772421836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.5242374539375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5191234946250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3595969080924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shortest-path-problem","display_name":"Shortest path problem","score":0.3055536448955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.28973859548568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19475948810577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1312199831008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.09355491399765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09170734882354736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7311500310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6536349058151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173870130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8548","display_name":"Dijkstra's algorithm","level":4,"score":0.6512060165405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.6090146899223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5776317119598389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.532772421836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.5242374539375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5191234946250916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3595969080924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22590252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058754","display_name":"Shortest path problem","level":3,"score":0.3055536448955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28973859548568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19475948810577393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1312199831008911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.09355491399765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09170734882354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13040130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/130/pdf?version=1713089020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aadfd1fa532a4edaba873349f77b0fed","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aadfd1fa532a4edaba873349f77b0fed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 130 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10191751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10191751/1/ijgi-13-00130-v2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information , 13  (4)    , Article 130. (2024)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13040130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040130","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/130/pdf?version=1713089020","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394814174.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579893482","https://openalex.org/W1938089371","https://openalex.org/W2006096615","https://openalex.org/W2151629473","https://openalex.org/W2175476056","https://openalex.org/W2180003982","https://openalex.org/W2238368310","https://openalex.org/W2294371352","https://openalex.org/W2328580790","https://openalex.org/W2466666950","https://openalex.org/W2606801922","https://openalex.org/W2609902580","https://openalex.org/W2769211159","https://openalex.org/W2892262768","https://openalex.org/W2911328492","https://openalex.org/W2921882133","https://openalex.org/W2936403817","https://openalex.org/W2939868878","https://openalex.org/W2950067380","https://openalex.org/W2972878307","https://openalex.org/W2997241943","https://openalex.org/W4286722587","https://openalex.org/W6737039247","https://openalex.org/W6767595231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3209137076","https://openalex.org/W4223969905","https://openalex.org/W2374560440","https://openalex.org/W1490490684","https://openalex.org/W4221129498","https://openalex.org/W2887026015","https://openalex.org/W2361442013","https://openalex.org/W2373384475","https://openalex.org/W4310124294","https://openalex.org/W143403600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Creating":[0],"routes":[1,78,167,187,208,222],"across":[2,79,111,156],"open":[3,80,112],"areas":[4,81,113,158],"is":[5,149],"challenging":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,43,74,129,141,190,202,211,223],"the":[9,17,20,31,52,152,180,197,203,207,224],"absence":[10],"of":[11,19,33,154,159,179,196],"a":[12,107,116,125],"defined":[13,63],"routing":[14,110,155],"network":[15],"and":[16,40,65,92,94,139,173,200,214,220],"complexity":[18],"environment,":[21],"in":[22,82],"which":[23,85],"multiple":[24,131],"criteria":[25,132],"may":[26],"affect":[27],"route":[28],"choice.":[29],"In":[30],"context":[32],"urban":[34],"environments,":[35],"research":[36],"has":[37,70],"found":[38,189],"Visibility":[39],"Spider-Grid":[41,117],"subgraphs":[42],"be":[44,142,191],"effective":[45],"approaches":[46],"that":[47],"generate":[48],"realistic":[49,193,219],"routes.":[50,146],"However,":[51],"case":[53],"studies":[54],"presented":[55],"typically":[56],"focus":[57],"on":[58,76,115,151],"plazas":[59],"or":[60,97],"parks":[61],"with":[62,89,170],"entry":[64,96],"exit":[66,98],"points;":[67],"little":[68],"work":[69],"been":[71],"carried":[72],"out":[73],"date":[75],"creating":[77,145],"rural":[83],"settings,":[84],"are":[86,168,188,209],"complex":[87],"environments":[88],"varying":[90],"terrain":[91],"obstacles":[93,215],"undefined":[95],"points.":[99],"To":[100],"address":[101],"this":[102,104],"gap,":[103],"study":[105],"proposes":[106],"method":[108,123,148],"for":[109],"based":[114],"subgraph":[118],"using":[119],"queen":[120],"contiguity.":[121],"The":[122,147,165,185],"leverages":[124],"Weighted":[126],"Sum\u2013Dijkstra\u2019s":[127],"algorithm":[128],"allow":[130],"such":[133],"as":[134],"surface":[135],"condition,":[136],"total":[137],"time,":[138],"gradient":[140],"considered":[143],"when":[144],"tested":[150],"problem":[153],"two":[157],"Dartmoor":[160],"National":[161],"Park,":[162],"United":[163],"Kingdom.":[164],"generated":[166,186],"compared":[169],"benchmark":[171,198],"algorithms":[172],"real":[174,204],"paths":[175],"created":[176],"by":[177],"users":[178],"Ordnance":[181],"Survey\u2019s":[182],"Maps":[183],"App.":[184],"more":[192],"than":[194],"those":[195],"methods":[199],"closer":[201],"paths.":[205],"Furthermore,":[206],"able":[210],"bypass":[212],"hazards":[213],"while":[216],"still":[217],"providing":[218],"flexible":[221],"user.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}