{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393067959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040107","title":"Road Accessibility during Natural Hazards Based on Volunteered Geographic Information Data and Network Analysis","display_name":"Road Accessibility during Natural Hazards Based on Volunteered Geographic Information Data and Network Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393067959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13040107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/107/pdf?version=1711118881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/107/pdf?version=1711118881","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022571586","display_name":"Janine Florath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-2565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124956","display_name":"GIPSA-Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02wrme198","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["DE","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Janine Florath","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIPSA-Lab, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France","Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIPSA-Lab, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, 38000 Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I106785703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106124934","display_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101348","display_name":"Centre Inria de l'Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8d6z93","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210101348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149092","display_name":"Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann","ror":"https://ror.org/04ett5b41","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210149092","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inria Center, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK, 38000 Grenoble, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Center, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LJK, 38000 Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101348","https://openalex.org/I4210149092","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069790115","display_name":"Sina Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7710-5316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sina Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022571586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210124956","https://openalex.org/I899635006"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":15.3689,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98818272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"107","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9577000141143799,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteered-geographic-information","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","score":0.7493142485618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betweenness-centrality","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","score":0.6603544354438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6149340867996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5347957015037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard","display_name":"Hazard","score":0.5132780075073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.5021061897277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-hazard","display_name":"Natural hazard","score":0.49869227409362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-information-system","display_name":"Geographic information system","score":0.4217325448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.23890012502670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2217077612876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18099188804626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.15933078527450562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57380593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933625","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","level":2,"score":0.7493142485618591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117045392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899215","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","level":3,"score":0.6603544354438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6149340867996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5347957015037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49261128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455","display_name":"Hazard","level":2,"score":0.5132780075073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.5021061897277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39410599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433179","display_name":"Natural hazard","level":2,"score":0.49869227409362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.4217325448989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.23890012502670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2217077612876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18099188804626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.15933078527450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13040107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/107/pdf?version=1711118881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3726c1e71f0c47a3920623e91ca2a296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3726c1e71f0c47a3920623e91ca2a296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 13, Iss 4, p 107 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/13/4/107/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13040107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13040107","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/4/107/pdf?version=1711118881","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1041279674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-19-P3IA-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2092057362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19-P3IA-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3104333717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MIAI@Grenoble Alpes","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3680960908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-19-P3IA-000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7901184878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-19-P3IA-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321048","funder_display_name":"AXA Research Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8318455765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311048","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321048","display_name":"AXA Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/02zxqxw53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393067959.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393067959.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W20283408","https://openalex.org/W49244725","https://openalex.org/W569400231","https://openalex.org/W1545094364","https://openalex.org/W1843702714","https://openalex.org/W1969415996","https://openalex.org/W1971937094","https://openalex.org/W1978301262","https://openalex.org/W1989620202","https://openalex.org/W1991352422","https://openalex.org/W2002172637","https://openalex.org/W2015570541","https://openalex.org/W2015599032","https://openalex.org/W2021155303","https://openalex.org/W2048640819","https://openalex.org/W2055370826","https://openalex.org/W2056128875","https://openalex.org/W2056944867","https://openalex.org/W2080549699","https://openalex.org/W2081604285","https://openalex.org/W2125170903","https://openalex.org/W2130522879","https://openalex.org/W2136451369","https://openalex.org/W2142762367","https://openalex.org/W2146321614","https://openalex.org/W2165977355","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2171707538","https://openalex.org/W2299239789","https://openalex.org/W2412667021","https://openalex.org/W2549412929","https://openalex.org/W2549766072","https://openalex.org/W2742019981","https://openalex.org/W2766882156","https://openalex.org/W2767883755","https://openalex.org/W2786843086","https://openalex.org/W2790288258","https://openalex.org/W2799094075","https://openalex.org/W2927094027","https://openalex.org/W2942939191","https://openalex.org/W2946065046","https://openalex.org/W2952376720","https://openalex.org/W2964785319","https://openalex.org/W2964960069","https://openalex.org/W2976599321","https://openalex.org/W2986746366","https://openalex.org/W2996428800","https://openalex.org/W3007023388","https://openalex.org/W3007778071","https://openalex.org/W3014295891","https://openalex.org/W3081936589","https://openalex.org/W3111371400","https://openalex.org/W3122227173","https://openalex.org/W3130645026","https://openalex.org/W3134311590","https://openalex.org/W3135716075","https://openalex.org/W3139501902","https://openalex.org/W3165198679","https://openalex.org/W3187600773","https://openalex.org/W3204417323","https://openalex.org/W3209939190","https://openalex.org/W3215492558","https://openalex.org/W4206370719","https://openalex.org/W4210536819","https://openalex.org/W4211026163","https://openalex.org/W4213110861","https://openalex.org/W4214550319","https://openalex.org/W4229376370","https://openalex.org/W4280536992","https://openalex.org/W4294368014","https://openalex.org/W4296003060","https://openalex.org/W4298144203","https://openalex.org/W4301271605","https://openalex.org/W4313472735","https://openalex.org/W4313478874","https://openalex.org/W4375859122","https://openalex.org/W4382582936","https://openalex.org/W4390050111","https://openalex.org/W4392362608","https://openalex.org/W6664702507","https://openalex.org/W6680453858","https://openalex.org/W6681024771","https://openalex.org/W6745921684","https://openalex.org/W6760602815","https://openalex.org/W6776396311","https://openalex.org/W6807281095","https://openalex.org/W6941092880","https://openalex.org/W6982054360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973509935","https://openalex.org/W4389076551","https://openalex.org/W2107855069","https://openalex.org/W2611574733","https://openalex.org/W2241641394","https://openalex.org/W2514739320","https://openalex.org/W2097992793","https://openalex.org/W2140653560","https://openalex.org/W2348831795","https://openalex.org/W4312461432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Natural":[0,105],"hazards":[1,74,268],"can":[2,185,269],"present":[3],"a":[4,13,46,143,148,307],"significant":[5,21],"risk":[6,240],"to":[7,35,40,51,78,197,215,264,314],"road":[8,33,55,76,83,132,189,228,324],"infrastructure.":[9],"This":[10,43],"infrastructure":[11,34,77],"is":[12,279],"fundamental":[14],"component":[15],"of":[16,31,64,72,109,195,199,241,267,305,318,323],"the":[17,29,32,65,70,168,183,193,200,209,216,222,245,249,254,265,286,303,319],"transportation":[18],"infrastructure,":[19],"with":[20,232,248],"importance.":[22],"During":[23],"emergencies,":[24],"society":[25],"heavily":[26],"relies":[27,88],"on":[28,68,75,89,119,253],"functionality":[30],"facilitate":[36],"evacuation":[37],"and":[38,85,104,130,147,178,256,292,321],"access":[39],"emergency":[41],"facilities.":[42],"study":[44,158,300],"introduces":[45],"versatile,":[47],"multi-scale":[48],"framework":[49,66,161,310],"designed":[50],"analyze":[52],"accessibility":[53,135,262,287],"within":[54],"networks":[56],"during":[57],"natural":[58,73],"hazard":[59,173,184,233],"scenarios.":[60,156],"The":[61,112,157,188,272],"first":[62],"module":[63,114],"focuses":[67],"assessing":[69],"influence":[71],"identify":[79],"damaged":[80],"or":[81],"blocked":[82],"segments":[84,229],"intersections.":[86],"It":[87],"near":[90],"real-time":[91],"information,":[92],"often":[93],"provided":[94],"by":[95,182],"citizen":[96],"science":[97],"through":[98,162],"Volunteered":[99],"Geographic":[100],"Information":[101],"(VGI)":[102],"data":[103],"Language":[106],"Processing":[107],"(NLP)":[108],"VGI":[110,205],"texts.":[111],"second":[113],"conducts":[115],"network":[116,224,246,261,315,325],"analysis":[117,247,316],"based":[118],"freely":[120],"available":[121],"Open":[122],"Street":[123],"Map":[124],"(OSM)":[125],"data,":[126],"differentiating":[127],"between":[128],"intact":[129,255],"degraded":[131,176,223,257],"networks.":[133],"Four":[134],"measures":[136,252],"are":[137,238],"employed:":[138],"betweenness":[139],"centrality,":[140,142],"closeness":[141],"free-flow":[144],"assumption":[145,152],"index,":[146],"novel":[149],"alternative":[150],"routing":[151],"measure":[153,278,283],"considering":[154,171],"congestion":[155],"showcases":[159],"its":[160],"an":[163],"exemplary":[164],"application":[165],"in":[166,204,260],"California,":[167],"United":[169],"States,":[170],"different":[172,251],"scenarios,":[174],"where":[175],"roads":[177,180,202],"connected":[179],"impacted":[181,201,219],"be":[186,270],"identified.":[187,271],"extraction":[190,194,313],"methodology":[191],"allows":[192],"75%":[196],"100%":[198],"mentioned":[203],"text":[206],"messages":[207],"for":[208],"respective":[210],"case":[211],"studies.":[212],"In":[213,297],"addition":[214],"directly":[217],"extracted":[218],"roads,":[220],"constructing":[221],"also":[225],"involves":[226],"finding":[227],"that":[230,275],"overlap":[231],"impact":[234,312],"zones,":[235],"as":[236,281],"these":[237],"at":[239],"being":[242],"impacted.":[243],"Conducting":[244],"four":[250],"network,":[258],"changes":[259],"due":[263],"impacts":[266],"results":[273],"show":[274],"using":[276],"each":[277,282],"justified,":[280],"could":[284],"demonstrate":[285],"change.":[288],"However,":[289],"their":[290],"combination":[291],"comparison":[293],"provide":[294],"valuable":[295],"insights.":[296],"conclusion,":[298],"this":[299],"successfully":[301],"addresses":[302],"challenges":[304],"developing":[306],"generic,":[308],"complete":[309],"from":[311],"independently":[317],"scale":[320],"characteristics":[322],"types.":[326]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
