{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392644353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13030087","title":"Crossing Boundaries: The Ethics of AI and Geographic Information Technologies","display_name":"Crossing Boundaries: The Ethics of AI and Geographic Information Technologies","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392644353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13030087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13030087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13030087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/3/87/pdf?version=1709975438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/3/87/pdf?version=1709975438","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032885292","display_name":"Isaac Oluoch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-0937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Oluoch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Behavioural, Management of Social Sciences, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8259-0937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Behavioural, Management of Social Sciences, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032885292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":9.4678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9799884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"87","last_page":"87"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14280","display_name":"Big Data Technologies and Applications","score":0.9133999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.46146729588508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.4214746356010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3889171779155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.34477734565734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28882527351379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18008792400360107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.46146729588508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.4214746356010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3889171779155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34477734565734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28882527351379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18008792400360107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13030087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13030087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/3/87/pdf?version=1709975438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/c3f32505-98d4-4bde-9278-cad92ae7351c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/c3f32505-98d4-4bde-9278-cad92ae7351c","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/423320132/ijgi-13-00087-v2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Oluoch, I 2024, 'Crossing Boundaries : The Ethics of AI and Geographic Information Technologies', ISPRS international journal of geo-information, vol. 13, no. 3, 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13030087","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:970e006909dc43189070e20d77dd82db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/970e006909dc43189070e20d77dd82db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 87 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13030087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13030087","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/3/87/pdf?version=1709975438","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321015","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392644353.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2516854745","https://openalex.org/W2521601500","https://openalex.org/W2528621301","https://openalex.org/W2892966283","https://openalex.org/W2922015078","https://openalex.org/W2945096295","https://openalex.org/W2947847183","https://openalex.org/W2998774588","https://openalex.org/W3003385079","https://openalex.org/W3009499878","https://openalex.org/W3012668426","https://openalex.org/W3016320244","https://openalex.org/W3087497659","https://openalex.org/W3092595724","https://openalex.org/W3125763613","https://openalex.org/W3128299163","https://openalex.org/W3180256867","https://openalex.org/W3186869931","https://openalex.org/W3203835877","https://openalex.org/W3213324334","https://openalex.org/W4210682532","https://openalex.org/W4210836964","https://openalex.org/W4223989283","https://openalex.org/W4224023100","https://openalex.org/W4232902877","https://openalex.org/W4250883097","https://openalex.org/W4255935306","https://openalex.org/W4282960535","https://openalex.org/W4283157935","https://openalex.org/W4283578033","https://openalex.org/W4288494242","https://openalex.org/W4297859597","https://openalex.org/W4297924435","https://openalex.org/W4307287901","https://openalex.org/W4311711203","https://openalex.org/W4313056002","https://openalex.org/W4313148177","https://openalex.org/W4313578398","https://openalex.org/W4323842316","https://openalex.org/W4382133845","https://openalex.org/W4386580390","https://openalex.org/W4386950654","https://openalex.org/W4387336112","https://openalex.org/W4388450624","https://openalex.org/W4388979613","https://openalex.org/W4391243532","https://openalex.org/W4391517367","https://openalex.org/W6727288654","https://openalex.org/W6838137152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2529842344","https://openalex.org/W2163210704","https://openalex.org/W2070597718","https://openalex.org/W2124188057","https://openalex.org/W2013076882","https://openalex.org/W2057802236","https://openalex.org/W2089445486","https://openalex.org/W2008021542"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,11,28,32,42,139,146,155,163,188,198,206],"past":[2],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"there":[5,35],"has":[6,36,66],"been":[7,37,88],"increasing":[8],"research":[9],"on":[10,27],"use":[12],"of":[13,60,71,104,108,113,126,138,149,165],"artificial":[14],"intelligence":[15],"(AI)":[16],"and":[17,23,51,62,74,83,95,110,122,129,135,152,171,176,215],"geographic":[18,114,189,208],"information":[19,115,190,209],"technologies":[20,47],"for":[21,197],"monitoring":[22],"mapping":[24],"varying":[25],"phenomena":[26],"Earth\u2019s":[29],"surface.":[30],"At":[31],"same":[33],"time,":[34],"growing":[38,69],"attention":[39,65,181],"given":[40,183],"to":[41,90,167,184,194,201,205],"ethical":[43,93,106,127],"challenges":[44,94],"that":[45,86],"these":[46,92,119,185],"present":[48],"(both":[49],"individually":[50],"collectively":[52],"in":[53,187,212],"fields":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56,76,78],"critical":[57,72],"cartography,":[58],"ethics":[59],"AI":[61,109,158,166],"GeoAI).":[63],"This":[64,99,192],"produced":[67],"a":[68,102,124,195],"number":[70,125],"commentaries":[73],"articles":[75],"well":[77],"guidelines":[79,107,112,120,159,200],"(by":[80],"academic,":[81],"governmental,":[82],"private":[84],"institutions)":[85],"have":[87],"drafted":[89],"raise":[91],"suggest":[96],"potential":[97,164],"solutions.":[98],"paper":[100],"presents":[101],"review":[103,144],"16":[105],"8":[111],"technologies,":[116],"analysing":[117],"how":[118],"define":[121],"employ":[123],"values":[128,151],"principles":[130,153],"(e.g.,":[131],"autonomy,":[132,174],"bias,":[133],"privacy,":[134],"consent).":[136],"One":[137],"key":[140],"findings":[141],"from":[142],"this":[143],"is":[145,182],"asymmetrical":[147],"mentioning":[148],"certain":[150],"within":[154],"guidelines.":[156,191],"The":[157],"make":[160],"very":[161],"clear":[162],"negatively":[168],"impact":[169],"social":[170],"environmental":[172],"justice,":[173],"fairness":[175],"dignity,":[177],"while":[178],"far":[179],"less":[180],"impacts":[186],"points":[193],"need":[196],"geo-information":[199],"be":[202],"more":[203],"attentive":[204],"role":[207],"can":[210],"play":[211],"disempowering":[213],"individuals":[214],"groups.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
