{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391350983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13020042","title":"Measuring Efficiency and Accuracy in Locating Symbols on Mobile Maps Using Eye Tracking","display_name":"Measuring Efficiency and Accuracy in Locating Symbols on Mobile Maps Using Eye Tracking","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391350983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13020042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13020042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13020042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/2/42/pdf?version=1706606142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/2/42/pdf?version=1706606142","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093794860","display_name":"Wojciech Rymarkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2617-3179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59411706","display_name":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144","ror":"https://ror.org/04g6bbq64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Rymarkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060850511","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Cybulski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-5720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59411706","display_name":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144","ror":"https://ror.org/04g6bbq64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawe\u0142 Cybulski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-5720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063487687","display_name":"Tymoteusz Horbi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-6762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59411706","display_name":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144","ror":"https://ror.org/04g6bbq64","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tymoteusz Horbi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-6762","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography and Geomatics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Pozna\u0144, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063487687"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59411706"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.5529,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61844824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"42","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11904","display_name":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6425461769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.618756115436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5980002284049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.591009259223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5561022758483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15393590927124023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6425461769104004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.618756115436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5980002284049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.591009259223938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5561022758483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15393590927124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13020042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13020042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/2/42/pdf?version=1706606142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1dd1f849e334a81be65a0edfd6efd1c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1dd1f849e334a81be65a0edfd6efd1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 42 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi13020042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13020042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/13/2/42/pdf?version=1706606142","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391350983.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184646554","https://openalex.org/W268146588","https://openalex.org/W1762361568","https://openalex.org/W1968660512","https://openalex.org/W1973003048","https://openalex.org/W1973752701","https://openalex.org/W1979497730","https://openalex.org/W1985270055","https://openalex.org/W1995663970","https://openalex.org/W2045960552","https://openalex.org/W2059296303","https://openalex.org/W2066747904","https://openalex.org/W2082694050","https://openalex.org/W2118151857","https://openalex.org/W2136232495","https://openalex.org/W2136917017","https://openalex.org/W2146567429","https://openalex.org/W2154427807","https://openalex.org/W2224046112","https://openalex.org/W2256333834","https://openalex.org/W2320322222","https://openalex.org/W2346989482","https://openalex.org/W2352816130","https://openalex.org/W2520852048","https://openalex.org/W2590406290","https://openalex.org/W2608103256","https://openalex.org/W2614370703","https://openalex.org/W2622313541","https://openalex.org/W2782180178","https://openalex.org/W2793925182","https://openalex.org/W2883844019","https://openalex.org/W2993221985","https://openalex.org/W2995892459","https://openalex.org/W3016946841","https://openalex.org/W3020453239","https://openalex.org/W3040090756","https://openalex.org/W3042095192","https://openalex.org/W3126175523","https://openalex.org/W3137529719","https://openalex.org/W3137975203","https://openalex.org/W3169383266","https://openalex.org/W4205952687","https://openalex.org/W4206692789","https://openalex.org/W4353042425","https://openalex.org/W4388605675","https://openalex.org/W6652106825","https://openalex.org/W6771578047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,10,31,71,77,145,153,164,167,179,194],"impact":[4],"of":[5,14,20,33,46,58,62,73,79,93,147],"smartphone":[6,94,115,132],"usage":[7],"frequency":[8,92],"on":[9,23,193],"effectiveness":[11],"and":[12,38,56,83,121,134],"accuracy":[13,120],"symbol":[15,39],"location":[16],"in":[17,104,110,123,137,172],"a":[18,66,127,148,184],"variety":[19],"spatial":[21,112],"contexts":[22],"mobile":[24,47],"maps":[25],"using":[26],"eye-tracking":[27],"technology":[28],"while":[29],"utilizing":[30],"example":[32],"Mapy.cz.":[34],"The":[35,44,60,91],"scanning":[36],"speed":[37],"detection":[40],"were":[41,142,175],"also":[42,176],"considered.":[43],"use":[45,95,133],"applications":[48],"for":[49,69],"navigation":[50],"is":[51],"discussed,":[52],"emphasizing":[53],"their":[54,84],"popularity":[55],"convenience":[57],"use.":[59],"importance":[61],"eye":[63],"tracking":[64],"as":[65],"valuable":[67],"tool":[68],"testing":[70],"usability":[72],"cartographic":[74],"products,":[75],"enabling":[76],"assessment":[78],"users\u2019":[80,105],"visual":[81],"strategies":[82],"ability":[85,106],"to":[86,99,107],"memorize":[87],"information,":[88],"was":[89],"highlighted.":[90],"has":[96],"been":[97],"shown":[98,118],"be":[100],"an":[101],"important":[102],"factor":[103],"locate":[108],"symbols":[109],"different":[111],"contexts.":[113],"Everyday":[114],"users":[116],"have":[117],"higher":[119],"efficiency":[122,136],"image":[124],"processing,":[125],"suggesting":[126,155],"potential":[128],"link":[129],"between":[130],"habitual":[131],"increased":[135],"mapping":[138],"tasks.":[139],"Participants":[140],"who":[141],"dissatisfied":[143],"with":[144],"legibility":[146],"map":[149],"looked":[150],"longer":[151],"at":[152],"symbols,":[154],"that":[156],"they":[157],"put":[158],"extra":[159],"cognitive":[160,191],"effort":[161],"into":[162],"decoding":[163],"symbols.":[165],"In":[166],"present":[168],"study,":[169],"gender":[170],"differences":[171],"pupil":[173,186],"size":[174],"observed":[177],"during":[178],"study.":[180],"Women":[181],"consistently":[182],"showed":[183],"larger":[185],"diameter,":[187],"potentially":[188],"indicating":[189],"greater":[190],"load":[192],"participants.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}