{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387119282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12100394","title":"ChineseCTRE: A Model for Geographical Named Entity Recognition and Correction Based on Deep Neural Networks and the BERT Model","display_name":"ChineseCTRE: A Model for Geographical Named Entity Recognition and Correction Based on Deep Neural Networks and the BERT Model","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387119282","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12100394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12100394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12100394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/10/394/pdf?version=1695889741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/10/394/pdf?version=1695889741","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555891","display_name":"Wei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5847-663X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China","Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China","Shandong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Spatial Information and Big Data Applications, Jinan 250102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Spatial Information and Big Data Applications, Jinan 250102, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045184650","display_name":"Jingtao Meng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingtao Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China","Shandong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Spatial Information and Big Data Applications, Jinan 250102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Spatial Information and Big Data Applications, Jinan 250102, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071852148","display_name":"Jianhua Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067893949","display_name":"Chengkun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-1403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengkun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-1403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319572","display_name":"Jiajun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423196","display_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4190-6418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064956525","display_name":"Liuchang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-7266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuchang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310063, China","College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China","Financial Big Data Research Institute, Sunyard Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310053, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7635-7266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310063, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Financial Big Data Research Institute, Sunyard Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310053, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325863","display_name":"Fei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-149X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China","Shandong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Spatial Information and Big Data Applications, Jinan 250102, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Land Surveying and Mapping Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250102, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Spatial Information and Big Data Applications, Jinan 250102, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100325863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.9881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8922792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"394","last_page":"394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.9027031660079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geospatial-analysis","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","score":0.8578656911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7809306383132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.6396738290786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.630094051361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5728965997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteered-geographic-information","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","score":0.5690969228744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5547001361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5249367356300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4740959107875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4347057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42513155937194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.418995201587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3584769666194916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.2854495644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.20905324816703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18892166018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15212363004684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1409752368927002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.9027031660079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9770341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geospatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.8578656911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7809306383132935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.6396738290786743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.630094051361084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5728965997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57380593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933625","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","level":2,"score":0.5690969228744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5547001361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5249367356300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4740959107875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4347057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42513155937194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.418995201587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3584769666194916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2854495644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.20905324816703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18892166018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15212363004684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1409752368927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12100394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12100394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/10/394/pdf?version=1695889741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a72157f32744fc7af2b518546a37a18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a72157f32744fc7af2b518546a37a18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 394 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/12/10/394/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12100394","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12100394","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12100394","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/10/394/pdf?version=1695889741","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G559998068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LGG22D010001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7376502956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019JZZY020103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8702528010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42050103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387119282.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515098695","https://openalex.org/W1980069462","https://openalex.org/W2015570541","https://openalex.org/W2032115636","https://openalex.org/W2034038326","https://openalex.org/W2076372637","https://openalex.org/W2102390824","https://openalex.org/W2140517780","https://openalex.org/W2250323792","https://openalex.org/W2250337103","https://openalex.org/W2250358079","https://openalex.org/W2250440945","https://openalex.org/W2250444785","https://openalex.org/W2251568283","https://openalex.org/W2251804271","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2296289388","https://openalex.org/W2486332765","https://openalex.org/W2527145521","https://openalex.org/W2547971845","https://openalex.org/W2556849656","https://openalex.org/W2621571501","https://openalex.org/W2772980959","https://openalex.org/W2787402609","https://openalex.org/W2889079547","https://openalex.org/W2892311186","https://openalex.org/W2894391462","https://openalex.org/W2909949607","https://openalex.org/W2947367518","https://openalex.org/W2952500220","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2983735660","https://openalex.org/W2994263371","https://openalex.org/W2994306952","https://openalex.org/W3005625484","https://openalex.org/W3024097351","https://openalex.org/W3034797320","https://openalex.org/W3037702162","https://openalex.org/W3139007848","https://openalex.org/W3173712076","https://openalex.org/W3173859131","https://openalex.org/W3174595604","https://openalex.org/W4210615390","https://openalex.org/W4212903126","https://openalex.org/W4220884847","https://openalex.org/W4241422031","https://openalex.org/W4303685555","https://openalex.org/W4310154945","https://openalex.org/W4376273617","https://openalex.org/W6691322004","https://openalex.org/W6780022968","https://openalex.org/W6982054360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587563374","https://openalex.org/W2615781907","https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W3198729192","https://openalex.org/W2467634386","https://openalex.org/W3000685722","https://openalex.org/W4255258373","https://openalex.org/W1986022548","https://openalex.org/W2593907245","https://openalex.org/W2520117834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"media":[1,47,200],"is":[2,19,114],"widely":[3],"used":[4],"to":[5,29,171,206,215],"share":[6],"real-time":[7],"information":[8,25,48],"and":[9,75,93,120,161,179,198],"report":[10],"accidents":[11],"during":[12],"natural":[13,34],"disasters.":[14],"Named":[15,54],"entity":[16,55,118,176,182,224,238],"recognition":[17,119,147,177,225],"(NER)":[18],"a":[20,38,52,59,65,115,167,256],"fundamental":[21],"task":[22,61],"of":[23,42,62,72,80,156,192,220,234,250],"geospatial":[24,116,174,180,222,236],"applications":[26],"that":[27],"aims":[28],"extract":[30],"location":[31,43,73,262],"names":[32,44,74],"from":[33,45,213],"language":[35],"text.":[36],"As":[37],"result,":[39],"the":[40,70,78,110,125,132,140,145,152,157,163,173,210,221,232,235,248],"identification":[41],"social":[46,199],"has":[49,98],"gradually":[50],"become":[51],"demand.":[53],"correction":[56,121,183,239],"(NEC),":[57],"as":[58],"complementary":[60],"NER,":[63,89],"plays":[64],"crucial":[66],"role":[67],"in":[68,139,209],"ensuring":[69],"accuracy":[71,79,212],"further":[76],"improving":[77,144],"NER.":[81],"Despite":[82],"numerous":[83],"methods":[84],"having":[85],"been":[86,99],"adopted":[87],"for":[88,202,258],"including":[90],"text":[91],"statistics-based":[92],"deep":[94],"learning-based":[95],"methods,":[96],"there":[97],"limited":[100],"research":[101,260],"on":[102,124,261],"NEC.":[103],"To":[104],"address":[105],"this":[106],"gap,":[107],"we":[108,150],"propose":[109],"CTRE":[111,253],"model,":[112,184,254],"which":[113],"named":[117,175,181,223,237],"model":[122,127,134,160,178,188,211,226,240],"based":[123],"BERT":[126,133,158,187],"framework.":[128],"Our":[129],"approach":[130],"enhances":[131],"by":[135],"introducing":[136],"incremental":[137,203],"pre-training":[138,141,153],"phase,":[142],"significantly":[143],"model\u2019s":[146],"accuracy.":[148],"Subsequently,":[149],"adopt":[151],"fine-tuning":[154,164],"mode":[155],"base":[159],"extend":[162],"process,":[165],"incorporating":[166],"neural":[168],"network":[169],"framework":[170],"construct":[172],"respectively.":[185],"The":[186,217,243],"utilizes":[189],"data":[190,197,201],"augmentation":[191],"VGI":[193],"(volunteered":[194],"geographic":[195],"information)":[196],"pre-training,":[204],"leading":[205],"an":[207,228],"enhancement":[208],"85%":[214],"87%.":[216],"F1":[218],"score":[219],"reaches":[227],"impressive":[229],"0.9045,":[230],"while":[231],"precision":[233],"achieves":[241],"0.9765.":[242],"experimental":[244],"results":[245],"robustly":[246],"demonstrate":[247],"effectiveness":[249],"our":[251],"proposed":[252],"providing":[255],"reference":[257],"subsequent":[259],"names.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}