{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382941012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070264","title":"Urban Architectural Style Recognition and Dataset Construction Method under Deep Learning of Street View Images: A Case Study of Wuhan","display_name":"Urban Architectural Style Recognition and Dataset Construction Method under Deep Learning of Street View Images: A Case Study of Wuhan","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382941012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12070264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/7/264/pdf?version=1688366960","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/7/264/pdf?version=1688366960","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065493202","display_name":"Hong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-1454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Urban Regeneration, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Urban Regeneration, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089027431","display_name":"Haozun Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haozun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086727739","display_name":"L. N. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lubin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111002772","display_name":"Xincan Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xincan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101654723","display_name":"Tianyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-0036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43922553","display_name":"Wuhan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00e4hrk88","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065493202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43922553"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":5.8356,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97104594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"264","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-style","display_name":"Architectural style","score":0.7250651717185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5818336009979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5216760635375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/style","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","score":0.48899519443511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.47813570499420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.46858829259872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.45603713393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.42895883321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.35869061946868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1954004466533661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16828006505966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.16395750641822815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777364373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32880","display_name":"Architectural style","level":3,"score":0.7250651717185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5818336009979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5216760635375977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.48899519443511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.47813570499420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.46858829259872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.45603713393211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.42895883321762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.35869061946868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1954004466533661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16828006505966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.16395750641822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12070264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/7/264/pdf?version=1688366960","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c8bc47244f2b402bb172c726d8f7537d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c8bc47244f2b402bb172c726d8f7537d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 12, Iss 7, p 264 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/12/7/264/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 12; Issue 7; Pages: 264","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12070264","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12070264","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/7/264/pdf?version=1688366960","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4765969998","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8839266468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71473","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382941012.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1978338723","https://openalex.org/W2565246530","https://openalex.org/W2595984151","https://openalex.org/W2747900861","https://openalex.org/W2750692136","https://openalex.org/W2751293097","https://openalex.org/W2762186317","https://openalex.org/W2794284562","https://openalex.org/W2890123247","https://openalex.org/W2911794652","https://openalex.org/W2944487648","https://openalex.org/W2947466881","https://openalex.org/W2955789838","https://openalex.org/W2963317745","https://openalex.org/W2969889150","https://openalex.org/W2992270489","https://openalex.org/W2993330193","https://openalex.org/W3004319599","https://openalex.org/W3008733250","https://openalex.org/W3030624209","https://openalex.org/W3037934875","https://openalex.org/W3081903687","https://openalex.org/W3089563436","https://openalex.org/W3094353566","https://openalex.org/W3095245623","https://openalex.org/W3111526209","https://openalex.org/W3113223415","https://openalex.org/W3125531171","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3178743083","https://openalex.org/W3195494505","https://openalex.org/W3195869152","https://openalex.org/W3196980659","https://openalex.org/W3203381609","https://openalex.org/W4200211902","https://openalex.org/W4200552702","https://openalex.org/W4223913464","https://openalex.org/W4224271458","https://openalex.org/W4224286137","https://openalex.org/W4280572605","https://openalex.org/W4281720633","https://openalex.org/W4282549548","https://openalex.org/W4283801981","https://openalex.org/W4296829473","https://openalex.org/W4306964483","https://openalex.org/W4313293282","https://openalex.org/W4313325409","https://openalex.org/W4382897077","https://openalex.org/W6773416514","https://openalex.org/W6805042909","https://openalex.org/W6838756577","https://openalex.org/W6848726323","https://openalex.org/W6854046954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378579648","https://openalex.org/W2361925538","https://openalex.org/W2257494116","https://openalex.org/W2193294886","https://openalex.org/W644355285","https://openalex.org/W3114554215","https://openalex.org/W4405886867","https://openalex.org/W609295918","https://openalex.org/W2767231481","https://openalex.org/W2794006301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,189,235],"visual":[1],"quality":[2],"and":[3,17,31,43,48,74,114,179,209],"spatial":[4],"distribution":[5,225],"of":[6,35,59,132,202,207,213,227,231],"architectural":[7,37,61,94,102,117,133,150,165,172,195,233],"styles":[8,38,103,118,151],"represent":[9],"a":[10,88,105,128,137,184,200,204,219,228,244],"city\u2019s":[11,245],"image,":[12],"influence":[13],"inhabitants\u2019":[14],"living":[15],"conditions,":[16],"may":[18],"have":[19,67,75],"positive":[20],"or":[21],"negative":[22],"social":[23],"consequences":[24],"which":[25,108,141],"are":[26,44],"critical":[27],"to":[28,91,112,148,161,218,242],"urban":[29,60,116,122,164,232,240],"sensing":[30],"designing.":[32],"Conventional":[33],"methods":[34],"identifying":[36,149],"rely":[39],"on":[40],"human":[41],"labor":[42],"frequently":[45],"time-consuming,":[46],"inefficient,":[47],"subjective":[49],"in":[50,80,83,104,119,152],"judgment.":[51],"These":[52],"issues":[53],"significantly":[54],"affect":[55],"the":[56,143,170,194,223],"large-scale":[57],"management":[58],"styles.":[62,234],"Fortunately,":[63],"deep":[64],"learning":[65,146],"models":[66],"robust":[68],"feature":[69],"expression":[70],"abilities":[71],"for":[72],"images":[73],"achieved":[76],"highly":[77],"competitive":[78],"results":[79,191],"object":[81],"detection":[82],"recent":[84],"years.":[85],"They":[86],"provide":[87],"new":[89],"approach":[90,147,160,237],"supporting":[92],"traditional":[93],"style":[95,134,166,173,196],"recognition.":[96],"Therefore,":[97],"this":[98,125,156],"paper":[99,126,157],"summarizes":[100],"22":[101],"study":[106],"area":[107],"could":[109,238],"be":[110],"used":[111],"define":[113],"describe":[115],"most":[120],"Chinese":[121,153],"areas.":[123],"Then,":[124],"introduced":[127],"Faster-RCNN":[129],"general":[130],"framework":[131],"classification":[135],"with":[136],"VGG-16":[138],"backbone":[139],"network,":[140],"is":[142],"first":[144],"machine":[145],"cities.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"introduces":[158],"an":[159,163,210],"constructing":[162],"dataset":[167,197,216],"by":[168],"mapping":[169],"identified":[171],"through":[174],"continuous":[175],"street":[176],"view":[177],"imagery":[178],"vector":[180],"map":[181],"data":[182],"from":[183],"top-down":[185],"building":[186],"contour":[187],"map.":[188],"experimental":[190],"show":[192],"that":[193],"created":[198],"had":[199],"precision":[201],"57.8%,":[203],"recall":[205],"rate":[206],"80.91%,":[208],"F1":[211],"score":[212],"0.634.":[214],"This":[215],"can,":[217],"certain":[220],"extent,":[221],"reflect":[222],"geographical":[224],"characteristics":[226],"wide":[229],"variety":[230],"proposed":[236],"support":[239],"design":[241],"improve":[243],"image.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
