{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381252354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060248","title":"Navigation-Oriented Topological Model Construction Algorithm for Complex Indoor Space","display_name":"Navigation-Oriented Topological Model Construction Algorithm for Complex Indoor Space","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381252354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060248","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/248/pdf?version=1687168330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/248/pdf?version=1687168330","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075614233","display_name":"Litao Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-0785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Litao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","Key Laboratory of Geomatics and Digital Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6427-0785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geomatics and Digital Technology of Shandong Province, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102813955","display_name":"Qiao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-1431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hu Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086056182","display_name":"Zeyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0804-3972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0804-3972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101894370","display_name":"Mengfan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6926-711X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengfan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069707815","display_name":"Pengfei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-203X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80143920","display_name":"Shandong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gtjhw98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102813955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80143920"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.5351,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62350034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"248","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6213183403015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.6213021874427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.6162660121917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5619398951530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.44941386580467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4264785945415497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4229591488838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2666501998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.07993841171264648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6213183403015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.6213021874427795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.6162660121917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5619398951530457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.44941386580467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4264785945415497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4229591488838196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2666501998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07993841171264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060248","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/248/pdf?version=1687168330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e57551bd13045a7ae22a6a47c402df8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e57551bd13045a7ae22a6a47c402df8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 248 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/12/6/248/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 248","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060248","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060248","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/248/pdf?version=1687168330","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1624293376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271436","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2118566164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42271436","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4146924362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021MD030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4513343201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QD148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8625044298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021MD030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8740859083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021QD148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381252354.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985027557","https://openalex.org/W2017012637","https://openalex.org/W2145031094","https://openalex.org/W2148529446","https://openalex.org/W2163258625","https://openalex.org/W2170644275","https://openalex.org/W2352112387","https://openalex.org/W2383204375","https://openalex.org/W2809360448","https://openalex.org/W2885744570","https://openalex.org/W3007887123","https://openalex.org/W3128130978","https://openalex.org/W3163898875","https://openalex.org/W3165528186","https://openalex.org/W3216884747","https://openalex.org/W4303082139","https://openalex.org/W4308567693","https://openalex.org/W7023897616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4256429076","https://openalex.org/W1971174658","https://openalex.org/W2099195351","https://openalex.org/W2348092930","https://openalex.org/W2370332886","https://openalex.org/W3042074040","https://openalex.org/W4385901209","https://openalex.org/W2040004034","https://openalex.org/W3106323631","https://openalex.org/W3151822016"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"space":[1,35,55,131,141,199],"information":[2,168],"is":[3,66,81,99,115,125,147,155],"the":[4,43,63,70,75,94,103,138,150,159,175,183],"basis":[5],"of":[6,45,53,106,153,161,186],"indoor":[7,12,21,34,54,76,130,140,198,209],"location":[8],"services":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,83],"navigation,":[13],"path":[14],"planning,":[15],"emergency":[16],"evacuation,":[17],"etc.":[18],"Focusing":[19],"on":[20,39],"navigation":[22],"needs,":[23],"this":[24],"paper":[25],"proposes":[26],"a":[27,32,162,187,203],"fast":[28],"construction":[29,185],"algorithm":[30,65,114,177],"for":[31,42,68,157,190,208],"complex":[33,163,191],"topology":[36,167],"model":[37,189],"based":[38],"disjoint":[40,112,123],"set":[41,113,119,124],"problem":[44,160],"lacking":[46],"polygon":[47,165],"description":[48],"and":[49,108,133,193,196],"topological":[50,142,188],"relationship":[51,143],"expression":[52],"entity":[56],"objects":[57],"in":[58,74,166],"building":[59],"plan":[60],"drawings.":[61],"Firstly,":[62],"Tarjan":[64],"used":[67,116,156],"identifying":[69],"hanging":[71],"edges":[72,86],"existing":[73],"space.":[77],"Secondly,":[78],"each":[79],"edge":[80],"stored":[82],"two":[84,89],"different":[85],"belonging":[87],"to":[88,101,117,127,180],"adjacent":[90],"polygons":[91],"that":[92,174],"share":[93],"edge.":[95],"A":[96],"ring":[97],"structure":[98],"introduced":[100],"judge":[102],"geometric":[104],"position":[105],"walls,":[107],"then":[109],"an":[110],"efficient":[111],"perform":[118],"merging.":[120],"After":[121],"that,":[122],"queried":[126],"obtain":[128],"all":[129],"contours":[132],"external":[134],"boundary":[135],"contours,":[136],"thereby":[137],"complete":[139,182],"at":[144],"multiple":[145],"levels":[146],"established.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"connectivity":[151],"theory":[152],"graph":[154],"solving":[158],"isolated":[164],"generation.":[169],"The":[170],"experimental":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"proposed":[176],"has":[178],"generality":[179],"efficiently":[181],"automatic":[184],"scenarios,":[192],"effectively":[194],"acquire":[195],"organize":[197],"information,":[200],"thus":[201],"providing":[202],"good":[204],"spatial":[205],"cognition":[206],"mode":[207],"navigation.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
