{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380084707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060240","title":"Applicability Analysis and Ensemble Application of BERT with TF-IDF, TextRank, MMR, and LDA for Topic Classification Based on Flood-Related VGI","display_name":"Applicability Analysis and Ensemble Application of BERT with TF-IDF, TextRank, MMR, and LDA for Topic Classification Based on Flood-Related VGI","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380084707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/240/pdf?version=1686652564","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/240/pdf?version=1686652564","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088176505","display_name":"Wenying Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-5128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenying Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103264171","display_name":"Chang Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6832-9051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015743880","display_name":"Shuang Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-495X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084901503","display_name":"Nengcheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-9972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nengcheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020790434","display_name":"Lei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6454-2963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088176505"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":17.8515,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99255167,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"240","last_page":"240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9580000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9531999826431274,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12872","display_name":"Philippine History and Culture","score":0.9506000280380249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microblogging","display_name":"Microblogging","score":0.7719472646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6632351875305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tf\u2013idf","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","score":0.635897696018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5815345048904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5404454469680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-dirichlet-allocation","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","score":0.5058888792991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45205068588256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-model","display_name":"Topic model","score":0.438754677772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3912021815776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.1679883599281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.12719616293907166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143275388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92438","display_name":"Microblogging","level":3,"score":0.7719472646713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6632351875305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81758059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796584","display_name":"tf\u2013idf","level":3,"score":0.635897696018219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5815345048904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5404454469680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500882744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269236","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","level":3,"score":0.5058888792991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45205068588256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.438754677772522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3912021815776825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.1679883599281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.12719616293907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/240/pdf?version=1686652564","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:00ee4117975d41628283b11abac5aabd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/00ee4117975d41628283b11abac5aabd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 240 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060240","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/240/pdf?version=1686652564","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1356514951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2082826544","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Postdoctoral","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2116797441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M722930","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2514115671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4197135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2765774518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4598029294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5289191160","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"704400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5619007908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6606461640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2010003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8220204987","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G830045682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFF0704400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8623119958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42201438","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380084707.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048018384","https://openalex.org/W2057920487","https://openalex.org/W2062079906","https://openalex.org/W2218333116","https://openalex.org/W2317515691","https://openalex.org/W2333032870","https://openalex.org/W2333877440","https://openalex.org/W2547285702","https://openalex.org/W2750351539","https://openalex.org/W2766022134","https://openalex.org/W2767968188","https://openalex.org/W2781972939","https://openalex.org/W2885133668","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897098357","https://openalex.org/W2897428724","https://openalex.org/W2907164972","https://openalex.org/W2912217870","https://openalex.org/W2938605869","https://openalex.org/W2945224113","https://openalex.org/W2976185610","https://openalex.org/W2976192278","https://openalex.org/W2979013863","https://openalex.org/W2991914809","https://openalex.org/W3007088614","https://openalex.org/W3014048462","https://openalex.org/W3017197529","https://openalex.org/W3028167859","https://openalex.org/W3030453634","https://openalex.org/W3040947615","https://openalex.org/W3091973425","https://openalex.org/W3119467012","https://openalex.org/W3124252851","https://openalex.org/W3134634412","https://openalex.org/W3155855533","https://openalex.org/W3169967612","https://openalex.org/W3183421394","https://openalex.org/W3194569988","https://openalex.org/W3202647833","https://openalex.org/W3214659126","https://openalex.org/W4210891265","https://openalex.org/W4212794853","https://openalex.org/W4226112897","https://openalex.org/W4251164918","https://openalex.org/W4289529894","https://openalex.org/W4308569732","https://openalex.org/W4327973200","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6768665114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1463179486","https://openalex.org/W2769501189","https://openalex.org/W4315588616","https://openalex.org/W4312773271","https://openalex.org/W2494246486","https://openalex.org/W2888805565","https://openalex.org/W2962686197","https://openalex.org/W3005513013","https://openalex.org/W2122605835","https://openalex.org/W3204681432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Volunteered":[0],"geographic":[1],"information":[2],"(VGI)":[3],"plays":[4],"an":[5],"increasingly":[6],"crucial":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,125],"flash":[10],"floods.":[11],"However,":[12],"topic":[13,200],"classification":[14,201],"and":[15,24,43,57,62,101,105,153,170],"spatiotemporal":[16,118,208],"analysis":[17,35,60,209],"are":[18],"complicated":[19],"by":[20,190],"the":[21,63,74,83,117,121,129,133,142,156,160,184,187,191,198,207],"various":[22],"expressions":[23],"lengths":[25],"of":[26,99,113,136,144,159,203,210],"social":[27],"media":[28],"textual":[29,130],"data.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32,140],"conducted":[33],"applicability":[34],"on":[36,73,82],"bidirectional":[37],"encoder":[38],"representation":[39],"from":[40,165,178],"transformers":[41],"(BERT)":[42],"four":[44],"traditional":[45],"methods,":[46],"TextRank,":[47],"term":[48],"frequency\u2013inverse":[49],"document":[50],"frequency":[51],"(TF-IDF),":[52],"maximal":[53],"marginal":[54],"relevance":[55],"(MMR),":[56],"linear":[58],"discriminant":[59],"(LDA),":[61],"results":[64],"show":[65],"that":[66,124,155],"for":[67,88,94],"user":[68],"type,":[69],"BERT":[70],"performs":[71,80,107],"best":[72,81,108],"Government":[75],"Affairs":[76],"Microblog,":[77],"whereas":[78],"LDA-BERT":[79,106],"We":[84,193],"Media":[85],"Microblog.":[86],"As":[87],"text":[89,111],"length,":[90],"TF-IDF-BERT":[91],"works":[92],"better":[93],"texts":[95],"with":[96,109],"a":[97,110,126,150,175],"length":[98,102,112],"<70":[100],">140":[103],"words,":[104],"70\u2013140":[114],"words.":[115],"For":[116],"evolution":[119],"pattern,":[120],"study":[122],"suggests":[123],"Henan":[127,151,161],"rainstorm,":[128],"topics":[131],"follow":[132],"general":[134],"pattern":[135],"\u201csituation-tips-rescue\u201d.":[137],"Moreover,":[138],"this":[139],"detected":[141],"hotspot":[143],"\u201cMetro":[145],"Line":[146],"5\u201d":[147],"related":[148],"to":[149,168,172,180,196],"rainstorm":[152,162],"discovered":[154],"topical":[157],"focus":[158],"spatially":[163],"shifts":[164],"Zhengzhou,":[166],"first":[167],"Xinxiang,":[169],"then":[171],"Hebi,":[173],"showing":[174],"remarkable":[176],"tendency":[177],"south":[179],"north,":[181],"which":[182],"was":[183],"same":[185],"as":[186],"report":[188],"issued":[189],"authorities.":[192],"integrated":[194],"multi-methods":[195],"improve":[197],"overall":[199],"accuracy":[202],"Sina":[204],"microblogs,":[205],"facilitating":[206],"flooding.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}