{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378909293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060224","title":"Building Fa\u00e7ade Color Distribution, Color Harmony and Diversity in Relation to Street Functions: Using Street View Images and Deep Learning","display_name":"Building Fa\u00e7ade Color Distribution, Color Harmony and Diversity in Relation to Street Functions: Using Street View Images and Deep Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378909293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/224/pdf?version=1685430571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/224/pdf?version=1685430571","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071280691","display_name":"Yujia Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-8374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136431","display_name":"Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03gb38m78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431","https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069147580","display_name":"Renfeng Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-3011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136431","display_name":"Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03gb38m78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431","https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112926884","display_name":"Junzi Huo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136431","display_name":"Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03gb38m78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzi Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431","https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743511","display_name":"Binbin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-3527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136431","display_name":"Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03gb38m78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136431","https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071280691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780","https://openalex.org/I4210136431"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":10.5327,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98704723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"224","last_page":"224"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.9424999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"Hue","score":0.8661323189735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmony","display_name":"Harmony (color)","score":0.7587845921516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.5279811024665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.4694273769855499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4090709686279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35243701934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3328813314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.23081782460212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17495432496070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.13564267754554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10657757520675659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.8661323189735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659234","display_name":"Harmony (color)","level":2,"score":0.7587845921516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5279811024665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.4694273769855499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4090709686279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35243701934814453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3328813314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.23081782460212708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17495432496070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.13564267754554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10657757520675659}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/224/pdf?version=1685430571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b340d9871cd45799c988964b6af412b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b340d9871cd45799c988964b6af412b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 224 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/12/6/224/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 224","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060224","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/224/pdf?version=1685430571","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6492363474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22120220302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378909293.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892588527","https://openalex.org/W2001237702","https://openalex.org/W2037268684","https://openalex.org/W2044108161","https://openalex.org/W2053396024","https://openalex.org/W2066622696","https://openalex.org/W2066824151","https://openalex.org/W2079828783","https://openalex.org/W2088344511","https://openalex.org/W2095499820","https://openalex.org/W2104580667","https://openalex.org/W2116346320","https://openalex.org/W2164901293","https://openalex.org/W2238676237","https://openalex.org/W2258635554","https://openalex.org/W2326864986","https://openalex.org/W2337517369","https://openalex.org/W2365037817","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2612125366","https://openalex.org/W2753372966","https://openalex.org/W2762186317","https://openalex.org/W2811383411","https://openalex.org/W2899383634","https://openalex.org/W2908389046","https://openalex.org/W2933718005","https://openalex.org/W2990909511","https://openalex.org/W3022838706","https://openalex.org/W3087948125","https://openalex.org/W3088856023","https://openalex.org/W3091717831","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3154561720","https://openalex.org/W3164976416","https://openalex.org/W3183327245","https://openalex.org/W3195494505","https://openalex.org/W3195869152","https://openalex.org/W3201356846","https://openalex.org/W3202563294","https://openalex.org/W4223467843","https://openalex.org/W4250034790","https://openalex.org/W4312190610","https://openalex.org/W4317745862","https://openalex.org/W6639457243","https://openalex.org/W6692434299","https://openalex.org/W6772750526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255532429","https://openalex.org/W1511887962","https://openalex.org/W1976415990","https://openalex.org/W1987329941","https://openalex.org/W2591927243","https://openalex.org/W2382893230","https://openalex.org/W1815631776","https://openalex.org/W123786569","https://openalex.org/W3094657558","https://openalex.org/W4210380768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"fa\u00e7ade":[1,24,153,202],"colors":[2,41,154],"play":[3],"an":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6,192],"in":[7,45,64,100,155,166,188,200],"influencing":[8],"urban":[9,175],"imageability,":[10],"attraction":[11],"and":[12,21,29,58,71,84,106,121,161,181],"citizens\u2019":[13],"experience.":[14],"However,":[15],"the":[16,22,39,59,137,150],"relations":[17],"between":[18],"street":[19,51,151,194],"functions":[20,195],"building":[23,43,65,152,201],"color":[25,27,30,69,176,182,203],"distribution,":[26],"harmony":[28,70,180],"diversity":[31,72,183],"have":[32,116],"not":[33],"been":[34],"thoroughly":[35],"examined.":[36],"We":[37],"obtained":[38],"dominant":[40,67],"of":[42,76,118,131,193],"fa\u00e7ades":[44],"Changning":[46],"District,":[47],"Shanghai,":[48],"utilizing":[49],"Baidu":[50],"view":[52],"images,":[53],"image":[54],"semantic":[55],"segmentation":[56],"technology":[57],"K-means":[60],"algorithm.":[61],"The":[62,87,191],"variations":[63],"fa\u00e7ades\u2019":[66],"colors,":[68],"across":[73],"different":[74],"types":[75],"functional":[77,108,168],"streets":[78,105,111,157],"were":[79,158],"examined":[80],"through":[81],"logistic":[82],"regression":[83],"ANOVA":[85],"analyses.":[86],"results":[88],"indicate":[89],"that,":[90],"compared":[91],"to":[92,115,205],"industrial":[93,132,156],"streets,":[94,103,136],"red":[95,120],"hues":[96,117],"are":[97,112],"more":[98,113,159],"common":[99],"science":[101],"education":[102],"residential":[104],"mixed":[107],"streets.":[109,133,145,169],"Business":[110],"likely":[114],"green,":[119],"red\u2013purple.":[122],"Residential":[123],"streets\u2019":[124],"saturation":[125],"is":[126],"overall":[127],"higher":[128],"than":[129,143,164],"that":[130,149,165],"In":[134],"business":[135],"medium\u2013high":[138],"value":[139],"occurs":[140],"less":[141,162],"frequently":[142],"other":[144,167],"Moreover,":[146],"we":[147],"found":[148],"harmonious":[160],"diversified":[163],"This":[170],"study":[171],"has":[172],"implications":[173],"for":[174],"planning":[177,208],"practices.":[178],"Color":[179],"should":[184,196],"be":[185,198],"well":[186,211],"considered":[187],"future":[189],"planning.":[190],"also":[197],"addressed":[199],"planning,":[204],"improve":[206],"existing":[207],"frameworks":[209],"as":[210,212],"related":[213],"strategies.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2023-06-01T00:00:00"}
