{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378083222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060210","title":"Construction and Analysis of Space\u2013Time Paths for Moving Polygon Objects Based on Time Geography: A Case Study of Crime Events in the City of London","display_name":"Construction and Analysis of Space\u2013Time Paths for Moving Polygon Objects Based on Time Geography: A Case Study of Crime Events in the City of London","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378083222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/210/pdf?version=1684820809","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/210/pdf?version=1684820809","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076149237","display_name":"Zhangcai Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-8050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangcai Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400878","display_name":"Yuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-3377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022907367","display_name":"Shen Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-9203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8066-9203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100400878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.6628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76383678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"6","first_page":"210","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.7422991394996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-geography","display_name":"Time geography","score":0.692841112613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46647271513938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.4568009078502655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4275449216365814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time","display_name":"Space time","score":0.41209572553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36170947551727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.19958847761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-geography","display_name":"Historical geography","score":0.1060614287853241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.7422991394996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181820014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186027","display_name":"Time geography","level":5,"score":0.692841112613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46647271513938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4568009078502655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4275449216365814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96402334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Space time","level":2,"score":0.41209572553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36170947551727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.19958847761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186868789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384001","display_name":"Historical geography","level":3,"score":0.1060614287853241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173711580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503175","display_name":"Development geography","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87427459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12831143","display_name":"Human geography","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/210/pdf?version=1684820809","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2673812a27864b1db94a56528dba56ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2673812a27864b1db94a56528dba56ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 210 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/12/6/210/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 12; Issue 6; Pages: 210","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12060210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12060210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/6/210/pdf?version=1684820809","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3549976135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171415","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378083222.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519327417","https://openalex.org/W1564063153","https://openalex.org/W1892081045","https://openalex.org/W1982473893","https://openalex.org/W2021596910","https://openalex.org/W2024365232","https://openalex.org/W2025733807","https://openalex.org/W2028001931","https://openalex.org/W2042858525","https://openalex.org/W2079900867","https://openalex.org/W2089099806","https://openalex.org/W2092566975","https://openalex.org/W2107505299","https://openalex.org/W2121424970","https://openalex.org/W2133649345","https://openalex.org/W2148420803","https://openalex.org/W2149577899","https://openalex.org/W2161594278","https://openalex.org/W2332464519","https://openalex.org/W2604212042","https://openalex.org/W2629186184","https://openalex.org/W2773900842","https://openalex.org/W2789334359","https://openalex.org/W2789815932","https://openalex.org/W2806045169","https://openalex.org/W2950271180","https://openalex.org/W2982283352","https://openalex.org/W3035827230","https://openalex.org/W3082631298","https://openalex.org/W3092080225","https://openalex.org/W3092785986","https://openalex.org/W3101845290","https://openalex.org/W3124957577","https://openalex.org/W3125436890","https://openalex.org/W3145645021","https://openalex.org/W3179654867","https://openalex.org/W3202190125","https://openalex.org/W3212503462","https://openalex.org/W4210610885","https://openalex.org/W4213102659","https://openalex.org/W4294325933","https://openalex.org/W4295747821","https://openalex.org/W4295997458","https://openalex.org/W4300609890","https://openalex.org/W4304688733","https://openalex.org/W4306404279","https://openalex.org/W6748604969","https://openalex.org/W6784958905","https://openalex.org/W6785898831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748818261","https://openalex.org/W2787415930","https://openalex.org/W1992704918","https://openalex.org/W4231467380","https://openalex.org/W1578383219","https://openalex.org/W2016226879","https://openalex.org/W2392588993","https://openalex.org/W2018025971","https://openalex.org/W1982473893","https://openalex.org/W2045606570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0],"geography":[1,18],"considers":[2],"that":[3,176],"the":[4,62,74,79,84,101,109,116,126,129,152,182,190,230],"motion":[5,35,117],"of":[6,27,58,112,128,131,151,168,206,233],"moving":[7,29,44,63],"objects":[8,46,81,89,121,208],"can":[9,202,218],"be":[10],"expressed":[11],"using":[12,23,73],"space\u2013time":[13,95,113,136,153,195],"paths.":[14],"The":[15,173],"existing":[16],"time":[17],"methods":[19,39],"construct":[20],"space-time":[21],"paths":[22,96,154,196],"discrete":[24],"trajectory":[25],"points":[26,103],"a":[28,56,135,158],"point":[30,49,69,85,88,120,214],"object":[31,64],"to":[32,77,107,122,181,229],"characterize":[33,203],"its":[34,67],"patterns.":[36],"However,":[37],"these":[38],"are":[40],"not":[41],"suitable":[42],"for":[43,141],"polygon":[45,80,123,207],"distributed":[47,82,212],"by":[48,83,99,213,222],"sets.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,93,200],"study,":[53],"we":[54,133],"took":[55],"type":[57,144],"crime":[59,143,177,187,210,225,235],"event":[60],"as":[61,157,197],"and":[65,170,184,186,216],"extracted":[66],"representative":[68,102],"at":[70,104],"each":[71,142,149],"moment,":[72],"median":[75],"center":[76],"downscale":[78],"sets":[86],"into":[87],"with":[90],"timestamps.":[91],"On":[92],"basis,":[94],"were":[97],"generated":[98],"connecting":[100],"adjacent":[105],"moments":[106],"extend":[108],"application":[110],"scope":[111],"paths,":[114],"representing":[115],"feature":[118],"from":[119,165],"objects.":[124],"For":[125],"case":[127],"City":[130],"London,":[132],"constructed":[134],"path":[137],"containing":[138],"13":[139],"nodes":[140],"(n":[145],"=":[146],"14).":[147],"Then,":[148],"edge":[150],"was":[155,162,189],"considered":[156],"monthly":[159],"vector,":[160],"which":[161],"analyzed":[163],"statistically":[164],"two":[166],"dimensions":[167],"direction":[169],"norm,":[171],"respectively.":[172],"results":[174],"showed":[175],"events":[178],"mainly":[179],"shifted":[180],"east":[183],"west,":[185],"displacement":[188],"greatest":[191],"in":[192,199],"April.":[193],"Therefore,":[194],"proposed":[198],"study":[201],"spatiotemporal":[204,231],"trends":[205],"(e.g.,":[209],"events)":[211],"sets,":[215],"police":[217],"achieve":[219],"improved":[220],"success":[221],"implementing":[223],"targeted":[224],"prevention":[226],"measures":[227],"according":[228],"characteristics":[232],"different":[234],"types.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}