{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361009935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12040138","title":"Private Vehicles Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation at Street Level for Berlin Based on Open Data","display_name":"Private Vehicles Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation at Street Level for Berlin Based on Open Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361009935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12040138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12040138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12040138","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/4/138/pdf?version=1679665001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/4/138/pdf?version=1679665001","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020434721","display_name":"Veit Ulrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7058-6946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Veit Ulrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7058-6946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038076070","display_name":"Josephine Br\u00fcckner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josephine Br\u00fcckner","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089873838","display_name":"Michael Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-090X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","Institute of Geography, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-090X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geography, University of T\u00fcbingen, 72070 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066265863","display_name":"Sanam N. Vardag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-9336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanam Noreen Vardag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heidelberg Center for the Environment, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-9336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Center for the Environment, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Umweltphysik, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044186937","display_name":"Christina Ludwig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-3298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Ludwig","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4669-3298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038768052","display_name":"Johannes F\u00fcrle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-3732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes F\u00fcrle","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-3732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049077743","display_name":"Mohammed Zia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-8352"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Zia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-8352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090228932","display_name":"Sven Lautenbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1825-9996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Lautenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1825-9996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091474205","display_name":"Alexander Zipf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-9838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Zipf","raw_affiliation_strings":["GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-9838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GIScience, Institute of Geography, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology gGmbH, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020434721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1854,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1999},"fwci":1.0479,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74945491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"138","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","score":0.8193180561065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.6197665929794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5945091843605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5432144403457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-volume","display_name":"Traffic volume","score":0.44770175218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37820160388946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21291333436965942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.8193180561065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.6197665929794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5945091843605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5432144403457642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168443057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001223","display_name":"Traffic volume","level":2,"score":0.44770175218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37820160388946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21291333436965942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12040138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12040138","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/4/138/pdf?version=1679665001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:457c90f65e48496db8aaa2df9d16d8d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/457c90f65e48496db8aaa2df9d16d8d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 12, Iss 4, p 138 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/12/4/138/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12040138","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 12; Issue 4; Pages: 138","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi12040138","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12040138","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/12/4/138/pdf?version=1679665001","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361009935.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594419417","https://openalex.org/W2032544607","https://openalex.org/W2070917860","https://openalex.org/W2081069346","https://openalex.org/W2336999859","https://openalex.org/W2592824913","https://openalex.org/W2738232743","https://openalex.org/W2740430252","https://openalex.org/W2768256553","https://openalex.org/W2886168868","https://openalex.org/W2945719065","https://openalex.org/W2952038167","https://openalex.org/W2991333555","https://openalex.org/W3042953201","https://openalex.org/W3045564772","https://openalex.org/W3090221808","https://openalex.org/W3112707770","https://openalex.org/W3121767765","https://openalex.org/W3173827849","https://openalex.org/W3193664926","https://openalex.org/W3202914192","https://openalex.org/W3208269117","https://openalex.org/W4283519455","https://openalex.org/W4283709591","https://openalex.org/W4296003060","https://openalex.org/W6803156350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474431918","https://openalex.org/W2078072966","https://openalex.org/W2898107337","https://openalex.org/W4383503214","https://openalex.org/W38287360","https://openalex.org/W2954886250","https://openalex.org/W4200539072","https://openalex.org/W1535422121","https://openalex.org/W623642499","https://openalex.org/W2130753724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,201],"one":[1],"of":[2,40,48,59,73,90,150,187],"the":[3,17,20,57,60,85,98,109,117,138,151,173,179,183,188,194,198,202,208],"major":[4,176],"greenhouse":[5],"gas":[6],"(GHG)":[7],"emitters":[8],"that":[9,193],"has":[10],"not":[11],"seen":[12],"significant":[13],"emission":[14,37,127],"reductions":[15],"in":[16,63,113],"previous":[18],"decades,":[19],"transportation":[21],"sector":[22],"requires":[23],"special":[24],"attention":[25],"from":[26,93,104],"policymakers.":[27],"Policy":[28],"decisions,":[29],"thereby":[30],"need":[31],"to":[32,190,213],"be":[33,211],"supported":[34],"by":[35,115,133,144],"traffic":[36,41,50,74,107,199],"assessments.":[38],"Estimations":[39],"emissions":[42,103,160,169],"often":[43],"rely":[44],"on":[45,80,148],"huge":[46],"amounts":[47],"actual":[49],"data":[51,204],"whose":[52],"availability":[53],"is":[54,77,205],"limited,":[55],"hampering":[56],"transferability":[58],"estimation":[61,72],"approaches":[62],"time":[64],"and":[65,88,175],"space.":[66],"Here,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"a":[70],"high-resolution":[71],"emissions,":[75],"which":[76],"based":[78,147],"entirely":[79],"open":[81,139],"data,":[82],"such":[83],"as":[84],"road":[86,111],"network":[87,112],"points":[89],"interest":[91],"derived":[92],"OpenStreetMap":[94],"(OSM).":[95],"We":[96],"estimated":[97,118,156,171],"annual":[99,158],"average":[100],"daily":[101],"GHG":[102,159],"individual":[105],"motor":[106],"for":[108,172],"OSM":[110],"Berlin":[114,191],"combining":[116],"Annual":[119],"Average":[120],"Daily":[121],"Traffic":[122],"Volume":[123],"(AADTV)":[124],"with":[125,137,182,219],"respective":[126],"factors.":[128],"The":[129,167,185],"AADTV":[130],"was":[131],"calculated":[132],"simulating":[134],"car":[135],"trips":[136],"routing":[140],"engine":[141],"Openrouteservice,":[142],"weighted":[143],"activity":[145],"functions":[146],"statistics":[149],"German":[152],"Mobility":[153],"Panel.":[154],"Our":[155],"total":[157],"were":[161,170],"7.3":[162],"million":[163],"t":[164],"CO2":[165],"equivalent.":[166],"highest":[168],"motorways":[174],"roads":[177],"connecting":[178],"city":[180],"center":[181],"outskirts.":[184],"application":[186],"approach":[189,209],"showed":[192],"method":[195],"could":[196],"reflect":[197],"pattern.":[200],"input":[203],"freely":[206],"available,":[207],"can":[210],"applied":[212],"other":[214],"study":[215],"areas":[216],"within":[217],"Germany":[218],"little":[220],"additional":[221],"effort.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-28T09:10:13.091523","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
