{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310035887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120599","title":"An Automatic Generalization Method for a Dense Road Network Area Considering Spatial Structural Features as Constraints","display_name":"An Automatic Generalization Method for a Dense Road Network Area Considering Spatial Structural Features as Constraints","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310035887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11120599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/12/599/pdf?version=1669799068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/12/599/pdf?version=1669799068","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031649840","display_name":"Pengda Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-1949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengda Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-1949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100715072","display_name":"Yong Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-4313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-4313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086826459","display_name":"Chuangqi Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuangqi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Institute of Prospecting and Mapping, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","Xi'an Institute of Prospecting and Mapping, Xi'an 710054, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Prospecting and Mapping, Xi\u2019an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Institute of Prospecting and Mapping, Xi'an 710054, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069362956","display_name":"Xiaofei Bai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104879","display_name":"China Land Surveying and Planning Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01dqnej95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104879"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing 100035, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing 100035, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104879"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100644962","display_name":"Chunxiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-4218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunxiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-4218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630044","display_name":"Zhaoxin Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-9530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114963","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping","ror":"https://ror.org/02j693n47","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxin Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114963"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031649840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391","https://openalex.org/I4210114963"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":0.484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58350134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"12","first_page":"599","last_page":"599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.9757274985313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume-mesh","display_name":"Volume mesh","score":0.7804960608482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6871957778930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5266846418380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5020322799682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-vertices","display_name":"T-vertices","score":0.41150182485580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3576924204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesh-generation","display_name":"Mesh generation","score":0.35163867473602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3239600658416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.2452881634235382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2343912422657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20581868290901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12431865930557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.12025538086891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.08564040064811707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.9757274985313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170589453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940896","display_name":"Volume mesh","level":4,"score":0.7804960608482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6871957778930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5266846418380737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5020322799682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7667943","display_name":"T-vertices","level":4,"score":0.41150182485580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3576924204826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181145010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4418033","display_name":"Mesh generation","level":3,"score":0.35163867473602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3239600658416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.2452881634235382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2343912422657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20581868290901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12431865930557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.12025538086891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.08564040064811707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11120599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/12/599/pdf?version=1669799068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e7616004f5bd4d24a33d0d9d9480a582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e7616004f5bd4d24a33d0d9d9480a582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 11, Iss 12, p 599 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/11/12/599/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 11; Issue 12; Pages: 599","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11120599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11120599","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/12/599/pdf?version=1669799068","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1118587163","display_name":"\u90bb\u8fd1\u573a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7ebf\u8981\u7d20\u5316\u7b80\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41871375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7830948568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41907389","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310035887.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310035887.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82369427","https://openalex.org/W1988018922","https://openalex.org/W1988955196","https://openalex.org/W1995749047","https://openalex.org/W2003744360","https://openalex.org/W2009335577","https://openalex.org/W2029008153","https://openalex.org/W2035873138","https://openalex.org/W2058432627","https://openalex.org/W2094971937","https://openalex.org/W2131030644","https://openalex.org/W2143607738","https://openalex.org/W2172889791","https://openalex.org/W2468891157","https://openalex.org/W2803846789","https://openalex.org/W2896681853","https://openalex.org/W2960103571","https://openalex.org/W2960733723","https://openalex.org/W2964785319","https://openalex.org/W2983168340","https://openalex.org/W3106617480","https://openalex.org/W6657578124","https://openalex.org/W6659107775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187005362","https://openalex.org/W2050851932","https://openalex.org/W156011255","https://openalex.org/W2381018316","https://openalex.org/W2048163432","https://openalex.org/W2601611040","https://openalex.org/W2184057547","https://openalex.org/W4210950568","https://openalex.org/W1740070153","https://openalex.org/W1542092300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"networks":[1],"are":[2,48,60,97,115,186,260],"the":[3,54,84,91,101,118,123,135,164,174,181,197,205,223,226,237,243,256,262,265,303,312,315,321,325,329,338,352,363],"skeletal":[4],"elements":[5],"of":[6,24,83,90,146,167,176,183,211,255,311,356],"topographic":[7,286],"maps":[8],"at":[9],"different":[10],"scales,":[11],"and":[12,34,50,77,88,103,180,188,208,214,240,324,328],"road":[13,25,38,42,51,124,148,231,287],"selection":[14,39,125,137,232,317],"is":[15,30,86,93],"a":[16,31,66,121,132,268,283,333],"prerequisite":[17],"for":[18,37,100,289,295,342],"implementing":[19],"continuous":[20],"multiscale":[21],"spatial":[22,108,158,353],"representations":[23],"networks.":[26],"The":[27,81,297],"mesh-based":[28,136,322],"approach":[29],"common,":[32],"advanced":[33],"powerful":[35],"method":[36,145,323],"in":[40,44,57,65,225,302],"dense":[41,147],"areas":[43,150,166,185,305,313,345],"which":[45],"small":[46,63,75,79,155,168,178,212,275,280,308,350,357],"meshes":[47,64,76,169,199,224,239,259,276,358],"removed":[49],"segments":[52],"with":[53,306,337,346],"least":[55],"importance":[56],"each":[58],"mesh":[59,194,209,245,253],"eliminated.":[61],"However,":[62],"map":[67,288],"can":[68],"be":[69,111,128],"classified":[70],"into":[71],"two":[72,273,307,349],"types:":[73],"aggregated":[74,154,165,184,304,344],"isolated":[78,279],"meshes.":[80],"number":[82,175],"former":[85],"small,":[87],"that":[89,301],"latter":[92],"large.":[94],"Existing":[95],"methods":[96],"generally":[98],"applicable":[99],"latter,":[102],"some":[104],"or":[105,264,277],"even":[106],"most":[107],"characteristics":[109],"will":[110,127],"lost":[112],"when":[113],"they":[114],"applied":[116],"to":[117,134,221],"former;":[119],"as":[120,131,161,190],"result,":[122],"quality":[126],"affected.":[129],"Therefore,":[130],"supplement":[133],"method,":[138,327],"this":[139],"paper":[140],"proposed":[141,220,326,339,364],"an":[142,215],"automatic":[143],"generalization":[144],"network":[149],"(areas":[151],"formed":[152,258],"by":[153,202,235,319,362],"meshes)":[156],"considering":[157,204],"structural":[159],"features":[160,207],"constraints.":[162],"First,":[163],"were":[170,200],"identified":[171],"based":[172],"on":[173],"adjoining":[177,274],"meshes,":[179,213,309,351],"boundaries":[182],"extracted":[187],"used":[189,294],"hard":[191],"constraints":[192],"during":[193],"elimination.":[195],"Second,":[196],"starting":[198,238],"redefined":[201],"simultaneously":[203],"edge":[206],"density":[210],"ordinal":[216],"elimination":[217,270],"algorithm":[218],"was":[219,233,293,359],"eliminate":[222],"stroke":[227],"connection":[228],"direction.":[229],"Third,":[230],"implemented":[234],"identifying":[236],"sequentially":[241],"processing":[242],"related":[244],"pairs.":[246],"This":[247],"iterative":[248],"process":[249],"continued":[250],"until":[251],"all":[252,343],"densities":[254],"newly":[257],"beyond":[261],"threshold":[263],"problem":[266,271],"becomes":[267],"simple":[269],"involving":[272],"one":[278],"mesh.":[281],"Finally,":[282],"1:10,000":[284],"standard":[285],"Jiangsu":[290],"Province,":[291],"China,":[292],"validation.":[296],"experimental":[298],"results":[299,318],"showed":[300],"31%":[310],"obtained":[314,332],"same":[316],"using":[320],"remaining":[330],"69%":[331],"more":[334,347],"compact":[335],"result":[336],"method.":[340,365],"Moreover,":[341],"than":[348],"distribution":[354],"structure":[355],"preserved":[360],"better":[361]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
