{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297235632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100498","title":"A GloVe Model for Urban Functional Area Identification Considering Nonlinear Spatial Relationships between Points of Interest","display_name":"A GloVe Model for Urban Functional Area Identification Considering Nonlinear Spatial Relationships between Points of Interest","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297235632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11100498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100498","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/10/498/pdf?version=1665986344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/10/498/pdf?version=1665986344","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454806","display_name":"Yue Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-4993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102861331","display_name":"Haizhong Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-7872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haizhong Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112719601","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-0659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401385","display_name":"Di Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-4360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115604576","display_name":"Lijian Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-1548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijian Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102861331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.5555,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83337009,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"10","first_page":"498","last_page":"498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-of-interest","display_name":"Point of interest","score":0.700031578540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5951382517814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5925383567810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5288565754890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4911608397960663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-phone","display_name":"Mobile phone","score":0.4592556357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.45094773173332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.4446825087070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.42410194873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.35599833726882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3117494583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13033166527748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.12155988812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11458101868629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.1037028431892395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150140777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q960648","display_name":"Point of interest","level":2,"score":0.700031578540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5951382517814636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5925383567810059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5288565754890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4911608397960663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777421447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Mobile phone","level":2,"score":0.4592556357383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.45094773173332214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.4446825087070465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.42410194873809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35599833726882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3117494583129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13033166527748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.12155988812446594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11458101868629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.1037028431892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11100498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100498","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/10/498/pdf?version=1665986344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd1312b41d874485bf9dd45ac6c4411d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd1312b41d874485bf9dd45ac6c4411d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 11, Iss 10, p 498 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/11/10/498/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 11; Issue 10; Pages: 498","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11100498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100498","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/10/498/pdf?version=1665986344","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297235632.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4297235632.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486606239","https://openalex.org/W1547086561","https://openalex.org/W1595071191","https://openalex.org/W1973749534","https://openalex.org/W1990444226","https://openalex.org/W2019400799","https://openalex.org/W2045929671","https://openalex.org/W2077563243","https://openalex.org/W2098162994","https://openalex.org/W2101484267","https://openalex.org/W2110834039","https://openalex.org/W2112620321","https://openalex.org/W2112738128","https://openalex.org/W2153207204","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2172422511","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2501907080","https://openalex.org/W2534538876","https://openalex.org/W2566415567","https://openalex.org/W2613571842","https://openalex.org/W2708165930","https://openalex.org/W2727038893","https://openalex.org/W2741078791","https://openalex.org/W2745068778","https://openalex.org/W2754939259","https://openalex.org/W2903549843","https://openalex.org/W2919383237","https://openalex.org/W2993463520","https://openalex.org/W3010383195","https://openalex.org/W3109274866","https://openalex.org/W3164976416","https://openalex.org/W3170558324","https://openalex.org/W3195392765","https://openalex.org/W4245771914","https://openalex.org/W6629038310","https://openalex.org/W6632644879","https://openalex.org/W6661518710","https://openalex.org/W6691459498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3117467770","https://openalex.org/W2236009467","https://openalex.org/W4385953720","https://openalex.org/W2808111827","https://openalex.org/W2375480909","https://openalex.org/W2353314428","https://openalex.org/W2152504994","https://openalex.org/W2963275074","https://openalex.org/W4385196158","https://openalex.org/W2771018301"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"cities":[1],"continue":[2],"to":[3,29,43,67,138,158,197],"grow,":[4],"the":[5,21,45,49,93,126,144,164,191,198,227],"functions":[6],"of":[7,24,37,92,146,218,241,250],"urban":[8,17,25,38,58,98,119,254],"areas":[9,27,193,217],"change":[10],"and":[11,73,97,163,204],"problems":[12],"arise":[13],"from":[14],"previously":[15],"constructed":[16],"planning":[18],"schemes.":[19],"Hence,":[20],"actual":[22],"distribution":[23],"functional":[26,59,120,192,255],"needs":[28],"be":[30,41],"confirmed.":[31],"POI":[32,69,78,133,160,199],"data,":[33],"as":[34,82,223],"a":[35,147,151,187,232],"representation":[36],"facilities,":[39],"can":[40],"used":[42,56,157],"mine":[44,77],"spatial":[46,79,83,128,243],"correlation":[47],"within":[48],"city.":[50],"Therefore":[51],"it":[52],"has":[53],"been":[54],"widely":[55],"for":[57,108,167,253],"area":[60,121],"extraction.":[61],"Previous":[62],"studies":[63],"are":[64,172,194],"mostly":[65],"devoted":[66],"mining":[68],"linear":[70],"location":[71],"relationships":[72,244],"do":[74],"not":[75,113],"comprehensively":[76],"information,":[80],"such":[81],"interaction":[84],"information.":[85],"This":[86,115,177],"results":[87,228],"in":[88,221],"less":[89],"accurate":[90],"modeling":[91],"relationship":[94,129],"between":[95,130,245],"POI-based":[96],"function":[99],"types.":[100],"In":[101],"addition,":[102],"they":[103],"all":[104],"use":[105,240],"Euclidean":[106],"distance":[107],"proximity":[109],"assessment,":[110],"which":[111,142,183],"is":[112,135,156,178,184],"realistic.":[114],"paper":[116],"proposes":[117],"an":[118,224],"identification":[122,251],"method":[123],"that":[124,237],"considers":[125],"nonlinear":[127,242],"POIs.":[131],"First,":[132],"adjacency":[134],"determined":[136],"according":[137,196],"road":[139],"network":[140],"constraints,":[141],"forms":[143],"basis":[145],"co-occurrence":[148],"matrix.":[149],"Then,":[150],"Global":[152],"Vectors":[153],"(GloVe)":[154],"model":[155,211],"train":[159],"category":[161,200],"vectors":[162,166],"feature":[165],"each":[168],"basic":[169],"research":[170],"unit":[171],"obtained":[173],"using":[174,215],"weighted":[175],"averages.":[176],"followed":[179],"by":[180,186],"clustering":[181],"analysis,":[182],"realized":[185],"K-Means++":[188],"algorithm.":[189],"Lastly,":[190],"labeled":[195],"ratio,":[201],"enrichment":[202],"factors,":[203],"mobile":[205],"phone":[206],"signal":[207],"heat":[208],"data.":[209],"The":[210],"was":[212],"tested":[213],"experimentally,":[214],"core":[216],"Zhengzhou":[219],"City":[220],"China":[222],"example.":[225],"When":[226],"were":[229],"compared":[230],"with":[231],"Baidu":[233],"map,":[234],"we":[235],"confirmed":[236],"making":[238],"full":[239],"POIs":[246],"delivers":[247],"high":[248],"levels":[249],"accuracy":[252],"areas.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}