{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296449918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090494","title":"Reverse Difference Network for Highlighting Small Objects in Aerial Images","display_name":"Reverse Difference Network for Highlighting Small Objects in Aerial Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296449918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11090494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/9/494/pdf?version=1663740337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/9/494/pdf?version=1663740337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056180462","display_name":"Huan Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-4322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106124934","display_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-2875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149092","display_name":"Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann","ror":"https://ror.org/04ett5b41","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210149092","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jocelyn Chanussot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jean Kuntzmann Laboratory (LJK), Institute of Engineering (Grenoble INP), CNRS, Grenoble Alpes University, INRIA, 38000 Grenoble, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jean Kuntzmann Laboratory (LJK), Institute of Engineering (Grenoble INP), CNRS, Grenoble Alpes University, INRIA, 38000 Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149092","https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018249028","display_name":"Xiaonan Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799486974","display_name":"China Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04wtq2305","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Center, China Geological Survey, Nanjing 210016, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060209705","display_name":"Hong Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-0175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035056634","display_name":"Haiyan Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3691-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing & Geomatics Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018249028"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799486974"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":0.3023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54234224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"494","last_page":"494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdm","display_name":"RDM","score":0.7761977910995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7686929702758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7560741305351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.7169921398162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6313246488571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5509223937988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-segmentation","display_name":"Market segmentation","score":0.5451291799545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.4748680293560028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4291658103466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4254938066005707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38718312978744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.27496469020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08260795474052429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114965421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2069955","display_name":"RDM","level":2,"score":0.7761977910995483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7686929702758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7560741305351257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.7169921398162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6313246488571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5509223937988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125308379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q363057","display_name":"Market segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5451291799545288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.4748680293560028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4291658103466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4254938066005707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38718312978744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27496469020843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08260795474052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11090494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/9/494/pdf?version=1663740337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f4525f91c8f24fd99f863c4a1e61128e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4525f91c8f24fd99f863c4a1e61128e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 494 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/11/9/494/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 11; Issue 9; Pages: 494","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11090494","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090494","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/9/494/pdf?version=1663740337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2013456745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41971414","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8008303209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801384","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G919934207","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296449918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296449918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2527276685","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2548390752","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2737258237","https://openalex.org/W2787091153","https://openalex.org/W2798791840","https://openalex.org/W2799785415","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2913044631","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963659230","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2972321983","https://openalex.org/W2981689412","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2993235622","https://openalex.org/W2997564896","https://openalex.org/W3004996399","https://openalex.org/W3014501591","https://openalex.org/W3018169007","https://openalex.org/W3028752951","https://openalex.org/W3033128064","https://openalex.org/W3034427230","https://openalex.org/W3034681889","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3040626849","https://openalex.org/W3046971235","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3103092912","https://openalex.org/W3110440461","https://openalex.org/W3122050197","https://openalex.org/W3127338020","https://openalex.org/W3145444543","https://openalex.org/W3169865585","https://openalex.org/W3177272171","https://openalex.org/W3179856054","https://openalex.org/W3190334976","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W3200075728","https://openalex.org/W3203105104","https://openalex.org/W4255822925","https://openalex.org/W4312781440","https://openalex.org/W6772156886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095689258","https://openalex.org/W4224949205","https://openalex.org/W4293077132","https://openalex.org/W3214723713","https://openalex.org/W2532627110","https://openalex.org/W4317436409","https://openalex.org/W2353257517","https://openalex.org/W2789948992","https://openalex.org/W2981153785","https://openalex.org/W3088952795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93],"large-scale":[1],"variation":[2],"issue":[3],"in":[4,215,230],"high-resolution":[5],"aerial":[6],"images":[7],"significantly":[8],"lowers":[9],"the":[10,22,27,40,50,66,73,77,96,111,119,127,140,160,163,176,202,205,219],"accuracy":[11,41,161,229],"of":[12,99,142,162,165,204],"segmenting":[13,216,231],"small":[14,47,78,104,195,217,232],"objects.":[15,48,167,233],"For":[16],"a":[17,87,113,129],"deep-learning-based":[18],"semantic":[19,115,190],"segmentation":[20,116,164,191],"model,":[21,67],"main":[23],"reason":[24],"is":[25,71,124,132,151,186],"that":[26,211],"deeper":[28],"layers":[29,56],"generate":[30],"high-level":[31,149,169],"semantics":[32,137,150,172],"over":[33],"considerably":[34],"large":[35,43,74,100,166],"receptive":[36],"fields,":[37],"thus":[38],"improving":[39],"for":[42,147],"objects":[44,75,79,101,105,196],"but":[45],"ignoring":[46],"Although":[49],"low-level":[51,69,107],"features":[52],"extracted":[53],"by":[54,138,153],"shallow":[55],"contain":[57],"small-object":[58,136,171],"information,":[59],"large-object":[60,184],"information":[61,157,185],"has":[62,221],"predominant":[63,97],"effects.":[64],"When":[65],"using":[68],"features,":[70],"trained,":[72],"push":[76],"aside.":[80],"This":[81],"observation":[82],"motivates":[83],"us":[84],"to":[85,134,158,199],"propose":[86],"novel":[88,114],"reverse":[89,120],"difference":[90,121],"mechanism":[91],"(RDM).":[92],"RDM":[94],"eliminates":[95],"effects":[98],"and":[102,170,183,225],"highlights":[103],"from":[106],"features.":[108],"Based":[109],"on":[110],"RDM,":[112],"method":[117],"called":[118],"network":[122],"(RDNet)":[123],"designed.":[125],"In":[126],"RDNet,":[128],"detailed":[130],"stream":[131,146],"proposed":[133],"produce":[135],"enhancing":[139],"output":[141],"RDM.":[143],"A":[144],"contextual":[145,156],"generating":[148],"designed":[152],"fully":[154,200],"accumulating":[155],"ensure":[159],"Both":[168],"are":[173,197],"concatenated":[174],"when":[175],"RDNet":[177,220],"performs":[178],"predictions.":[179],"Thus,":[180],"both":[181],"small-":[182],"depicted":[187],"well.":[188],"Two":[189],"benchmarks":[192],"containing":[193],"vital":[194],"used":[198],"evaluate":[201],"performance":[203,214],"RDNet.":[206],"Compared":[207],"with":[208],"existing":[209],"methods":[210],"exhibit":[212],"good":[213],"objects,":[218],"lower":[222],"computational":[223],"complexity":[224],"achieves":[226],"3.9\u201318.9%":[227],"higher":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-09-20T00:00:00"}
