{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220986751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040220","title":"A Novel Composite Index to Measure Environmental Benefits in Urban Land Use Optimization Problems","display_name":"A Novel Composite Index to Measure Environmental Benefits in Urban Land Use Optimization Problems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220986751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11040220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/220/pdf?version=1648042354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/220/pdf?version=1648042354","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084133547","display_name":"Md. Mostafizur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-9059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17477748","display_name":"Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049ysg747","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["BD","HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Mostafizur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 M\u0171egyetem rkp., K Building First Floor 31, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary","Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-9059","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 M\u0171egyetem rkp., K Building First Floor 31, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068487198","display_name":"Gy\u00f6rgy Szab\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29770179","display_name":"Budapest University of Technology and Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gy\u00f6rgy Szab\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 M\u0171egyetem rkp., K Building First Floor 31, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5280-6143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 M\u0171egyetem rkp., K Building First Floor 31, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29770179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084133547"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17477748","https://openalex.org/I29770179"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":1.8122,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84090246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"220","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.6106455326080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-index","display_name":"Composite index","score":0.5881750583648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5733026266098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-resource-management","display_name":"Environmental resource management","score":0.5468232035636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem-services","display_name":"Ecosystem services","score":0.5267987847328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4726350009441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.44684097170829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-planning","display_name":"Land-use planning","score":0.4438866674900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.43899914622306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.41048118472099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-planning","display_name":"Environmental planning","score":0.40232884883880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3989030122756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2654508948326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25011277198791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecosystem","display_name":"Ecosystem","score":0.1737278699874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-indicator","display_name":"Composite indicator","score":0.15842199325561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.13499847054481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08944860100746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.07830122113227844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.6106455326080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778098375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596433","display_name":"Composite index","level":3,"score":0.5881750583648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5733026266098022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.5468232035636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58941895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295865","display_name":"Ecosystem services","level":3,"score":0.5267987847328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4726350009441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44684097170829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184603391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60738778","display_name":"Land-use planning","level":3,"score":0.4438866674900055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.43899914622306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.41048118472099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.40232884883880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3989030122756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2654508948326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25011277198791504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.1737278699874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992405062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18208028","display_name":"Composite indicator","level":2,"score":0.15842199325561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.13499847054481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08944860100746155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07830122113227844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11040220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/220/pdf?version=1648042354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f288a099f8b841109fbd1a2454b20e9e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f288a099f8b841109fbd1a2454b20e9e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 220 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/11/4/220/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 11; Issue 4; Pages: 220","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11040220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040220","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/220/pdf?version=1648042354","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311358","display_name":"Budapesti M\u0171szaki \u00e9s Gazdas\u00e1gtudom\u00e1nyi Egyetem","ror":"https://ror.org/02w42ss30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328228","display_name":"Tempus K\u00f6zalap\u00edtv\u00e1ny","ror":"https://ror.org/053mvwx19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328860","display_name":"Magyarorsz\u00e1g Korm\u00e1nya","ror":"https://ror.org/007ekx298"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220986751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220986751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":181,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178040056","https://openalex.org/W1480850559","https://openalex.org/W1758804693","https://openalex.org/W1922792363","https://openalex.org/W1924476434","https://openalex.org/W1990786231","https://openalex.org/W2010764556","https://openalex.org/W2011010318","https://openalex.org/W2018362042","https://openalex.org/W2018663856","https://openalex.org/W2028877728","https://openalex.org/W2032147830","https://openalex.org/W2034596884","https://openalex.org/W2035260309","https://openalex.org/W2036156518","https://openalex.org/W2037431120","https://openalex.org/W2039301069","https://openalex.org/W2039636725","https://openalex.org/W2042827834","https://openalex.org/W2043244602","https://openalex.org/W2045122145","https://openalex.org/W2046078150","https://openalex.org/W2050409105","https://openalex.org/W2064491739","https://openalex.org/W2066495914","https://openalex.org/W2068486779","https://openalex.org/W2068579876","https://openalex.org/W2076290466","https://openalex.org/W2086053079","https://openalex.org/W2092061987","https://openalex.org/W2116115717","https://openalex.org/W2116417672","https://openalex.org/W2125617946","https://openalex.org/W2134086511","https://openalex.org/W2134915282","https://openalex.org/W2146245861","https://openalex.org/W2151108073","https://openalex.org/W2152918881","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2167787089","https://openalex.org/W2201115085","https://openalex.org/W2210593549","https://openalex.org/W2265550095","https://openalex.org/W2272138347","https://openalex.org/W2278645403","https://openalex.org/W2289096635","https://openalex.org/W2295260412","https://openalex.org/W2306927540","https://openalex.org/W2377335377","https://openalex.org/W2506076845","https://openalex.org/W2512656164","https://openalex.org/W2560499498","https://openalex.org/W2573683768","https://openalex.org/W2584359337","https://openalex.org/W2585206336","https://openalex.org/W2586657942","https://openalex.org/W2587989612","https://openalex.org/W2605476762","https://openalex.org/W2730171111","https://openalex.org/W2736526697","https://openalex.org/W2741370756","https://openalex.org/W2746485780","https://openalex.org/W2765527466","https://openalex.org/W2765819955","https://openalex.org/W2765989210","https://openalex.org/W2769514349","https://openalex.org/W2770026424","https://openalex.org/W2777395779","https://openalex.org/W2781018543","https://openalex.org/W2790256207","https://openalex.org/W2793895061","https://openalex.org/W2794884694","https://openalex.org/W2795546487","https://openalex.org/W2811445226","https://openalex.org/W2832550360","https://openalex.org/W2883377037","https://openalex.org/W2883431865","https://openalex.org/W2891905512","https://openalex.org/W2894614086","https://openalex.org/W2895303461","https://openalex.org/W2897628225","https://openalex.org/W2900484863","https://openalex.org/W2900639706","https://openalex.org/W2900964444","https://openalex.org/W2901869997","https://openalex.org/W2904011716","https://openalex.org/W2904151562","https://openalex.org/W2906273612","https://openalex.org/W2908607068","https://openalex.org/W2909254694","https://openalex.org/W2913946602","https://openalex.org/W2917771940","https://openalex.org/W2935972341","https://openalex.org/W2937702639","https://openalex.org/W2938261081","https://openalex.org/W2938401009","https://openalex.org/W2941018466","https://openalex.org/W2945400882","https://openalex.org/W2946378510","https://openalex.org/W2955079150","https://openalex.org/W2962312630","https://openalex.org/W2963647620","https://openalex.org/W2965240407","https://openalex.org/W2977279580","https://openalex.org/W2979408326","https://openalex.org/W2980564751","https://openalex.org/W2981078235","https://openalex.org/W2990616697","https://openalex.org/W2990887729","https://openalex.org/W2991217428","https://openalex.org/W2998631236","https://openalex.org/W2999949539","https://openalex.org/W3000291991","https://openalex.org/W3009633834","https://openalex.org/W3010137873","https://openalex.org/W3010502106","https://openalex.org/W3011190689","https://openalex.org/W3012209143","https://openalex.org/W3017095219","https://openalex.org/W3020524797","https://openalex.org/W3022912974","https://openalex.org/W3023071430","https://openalex.org/W3023078765","https://openalex.org/W3027142956","https://openalex.org/W3031304377","https://openalex.org/W3035264094","https://openalex.org/W3040596521","https://openalex.org/W3043247634","https://openalex.org/W3047867972","https://openalex.org/W3049727136","https://openalex.org/W3085205517","https://openalex.org/W3087176953","https://openalex.org/W3092769227","https://openalex.org/W3096711790","https://openalex.org/W3098037208","https://openalex.org/W3106558068","https://openalex.org/W3109065000","https://openalex.org/W3111255905","https://openalex.org/W3116580547","https://openalex.org/W3119208063","https://openalex.org/W3119343825","https://openalex.org/W3121258907","https://openalex.org/W3124277867","https://openalex.org/W3124528474","https://openalex.org/W3130480750","https://openalex.org/W3132340750","https://openalex.org/W3134285074","https://openalex.org/W3135148137","https://openalex.org/W3142952136","https://openalex.org/W3160197424","https://openalex.org/W3160598995","https://openalex.org/W3163185496","https://openalex.org/W3165617808","https://openalex.org/W3175833499","https://openalex.org/W3182553424","https://openalex.org/W3183777795","https://openalex.org/W3185529143","https://openalex.org/W3186341345","https://openalex.org/W3192944657","https://openalex.org/W3194807698","https://openalex.org/W3210484703","https://openalex.org/W3210663548","https://openalex.org/W3212456799","https://openalex.org/W3216656644","https://openalex.org/W4200146125","https://openalex.org/W4248790006","https://openalex.org/W6630354975","https://openalex.org/W6659488028","https://openalex.org/W6684802254","https://openalex.org/W6733659985","https://openalex.org/W6740682156","https://openalex.org/W6745077619","https://openalex.org/W6746699689","https://openalex.org/W6756987689","https://openalex.org/W6757513930","https://openalex.org/W6757519374","https://openalex.org/W6760499201","https://openalex.org/W6774296673","https://openalex.org/W6776706238","https://openalex.org/W6777347361","https://openalex.org/W6785092472"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354123493","https://openalex.org/W893814774","https://openalex.org/W2794009192","https://openalex.org/W3133294077","https://openalex.org/W2390688723","https://openalex.org/W3151959846","https://openalex.org/W2294375738","https://openalex.org/W2351106083","https://openalex.org/W2095083832","https://openalex.org/W2363689349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,125],"urban":[1,18,58,88,142],"land":[2,19,33,59,89,116,143,159,201,218,230],"use":[3,20,34,60,90,144,231],"optimization":[4,21,91],"problems,":[5],"different":[6],"conflicting":[7],"objectives":[8],"are":[9,113],"applied.":[10],"One":[11],"of":[12,42,73,101,168,199,203,216,225],"the":[13,164,175,180,200,204,209,223,229],"most":[14,165,198],"significant":[15],"goals":[16],"in":[17,32,57,87,141,185,188,194,228],"problems":[22,146],"is":[23,49,163,174],"to":[24,45,69,83,137,213,234],"maximize":[25],"environmental":[26,30,55,74,85,102,133,139,169,236],"benefits.":[27,237],"To":[28],"quantify":[29,138],"benefits":[31,56,75,86,103,134,140],"optimization,":[35],"many":[36],"researchers":[37],"have":[38],"employed":[39],"a":[40,79,99,106,130,214],"variety":[41],"methodologies.":[43],"According":[44],"previous":[46],"studies,":[47],"there":[48],"no":[50],"standard":[51],"approach":[52],"for":[53],"calculating":[54],"allocation":[61,145,232],"problems.":[62,92],"Against":[63],"this":[64,66,126],"background,":[65],"study":[67,94,155,191,205],"aims":[68],"(a)":[70],"identify":[71],"indicators":[72,97],"and":[76,109,121],"(b)":[77],"propose":[78],"novel":[80,131],"composite":[81,132],"index":[82,135],"measure":[84,100],"This":[93,190],"identified":[95,192],"four":[96],"as":[98],"based":[104],"on":[105],"literature":[107],"assessment":[108],"expert":[110],"opinion.":[111],"These":[112],"spatial":[114],"compactness,":[115],"surface":[117,160],"temperature,":[118],"carbon":[119,172],"storage,":[120],"ecosystem":[122],"service":[123],"value.":[124],"work,":[127],"we":[128],"proposed":[129,181],"(EBI)":[136],"using":[147,226],"an":[148,195],"ordered":[149],"weighted":[150],"averaging":[151],"(OWA)":[152],"method.":[153],"The":[154,220],"results":[156],"showed":[157],"that":[158],"temperature":[161],"(LST)":[162],"influential":[166],"indicator":[167],"benefit":[170],"while":[171],"storage":[173],"least":[176],"important":[177],"factor.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"method":[182],"was":[183],"applied":[184],"Rajshahi":[186],"city":[187],"Bangladesh.":[189],"that,":[193],"average-risk":[196],"decision,":[197],"(64.55%)":[202],"area":[206],"falls":[207],"within":[208],"low-environmental-benefit":[210],"zone":[211],"due":[212],"lack":[215],"vegetated":[217],"cover.":[219],"result":[221],"suggests":[222],"potential":[224],"EBI":[227],"problem":[233],"ensure":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}