{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220894436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040214","title":"The Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Method for the Ming and Qing Dynasties\u2019 Official-Style Architecture Roof Considering the Construction Regulations","display_name":"The Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Method for the Ming and Qing Dynasties\u2019 Official-Style Architecture Roof Considering the Construction Regulations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220894436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11040214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/214/pdf?version=1647950924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/214/pdf?version=1647950924","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050778215","display_name":"Youqiang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-5452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youqiang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630215","display_name":"Yihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044069002","display_name":"Miaole Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-629X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62853816","display_name":"Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture","ror":"https://ror.org/02yj0p855","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Miaole Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-629X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044069002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62853816"],"apc_list":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"apc_paid":{"value":1700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1893},"fwci":2.4865,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88705234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"214","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12981","display_name":"Conservation Techniques and Studies","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1206","display_name":"Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7383504509925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7030957341194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof","display_name":"Roof","score":0.6994017958641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5895829796791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.585127055644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmony","display_name":"Harmony (color)","score":0.5385090112686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5301526188850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5151742696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.47826826572418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4619949162006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.424930214881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3272373378276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32453346252441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32254329323768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2149202823638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1962296962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.18246835470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.17224156856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16629835963249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1504867970943451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.08912163972854614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7383504509925842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7030957341194153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.6994017958641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5895829796791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.585127055644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5659234","display_name":"Harmony (color)","level":2,"score":0.5385090112686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5301526188850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5151742696762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.47826826572418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4619949162006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.424930214881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3272373378276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32453346252441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32254329323768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2149202823638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1962296962738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.18246835470199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17224156856536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16629835963249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1504867970943451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.08912163972854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11040214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/214/pdf?version=1647950924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e16bd0782e14fbd851427f53bb375c5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e16bd0782e14fbd851427f53bb375c5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 214 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/11/4/214/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 11; Issue 4; Pages: 214","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11040214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040214","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/4/214/pdf?version=1647950924","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3431849162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21009920004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323068","funder_display_name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5330238408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFC1520800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323068","display_name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220894436.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4220894436.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597714622","https://openalex.org/W655946883","https://openalex.org/W1973644502","https://openalex.org/W1986473362","https://openalex.org/W1986522259","https://openalex.org/W2027361492","https://openalex.org/W2040861824","https://openalex.org/W2043045881","https://openalex.org/W2069127380","https://openalex.org/W2103820944","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2123576693","https://openalex.org/W2129725504","https://openalex.org/W2146651463","https://openalex.org/W2211722331","https://openalex.org/W2311753310","https://openalex.org/W2395466322","https://openalex.org/W2460657278","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2591119809","https://openalex.org/W2610213140","https://openalex.org/W2618534726","https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2769312834","https://openalex.org/W2803508603","https://openalex.org/W2805808823","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2936362563","https://openalex.org/W2970362039","https://openalex.org/W2970971423","https://openalex.org/W2981217273","https://openalex.org/W2995932445","https://openalex.org/W3011970623","https://openalex.org/W3041049917","https://openalex.org/W3043150878","https://openalex.org/W3049134058","https://openalex.org/W3091228894","https://openalex.org/W3092631817","https://openalex.org/W3104038589","https://openalex.org/W3112839067","https://openalex.org/W3198149517","https://openalex.org/W3203868557","https://openalex.org/W6618147184","https://openalex.org/W6621738416","https://openalex.org/W6640300118","https://openalex.org/W6678827278","https://openalex.org/W6751679906","https://openalex.org/W6767679985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366107444","https://openalex.org/W2367823038","https://openalex.org/W4388145910","https://openalex.org/W2073597385","https://openalex.org/W2710342215","https://openalex.org/W4321448422","https://openalex.org/W4248012965","https://openalex.org/W2381570729","https://openalex.org/W1976205134","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Point":[0],"cloud":[1,41],"semantic":[2,42],"segmentation":[3,43,158],"has":[4],"played":[5],"an":[6],"important":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,55,160],"the":[10,14,24,31,46,50,66,69,72,78,94,100,115,120,129,134,137,142,148],"scan-to-BIM":[11],"process":[12],"of":[13,26,62,75,102,136,144],"Ming":[15],"and":[16,30,86,164],"Qing":[17],"Dynasties\u2019":[18],"official-style":[19],"architecture":[20],"roof.":[21],"To":[22,98,132],"overcome":[23],"complexity":[25],"roof":[27,36,48],"components\u2019":[28],"shape":[29],"scale":[32,103],"differences":[33],"between":[34],"different":[35],"component":[37],"types,":[38],"a":[39,105],"point":[40,130],"method":[44,59,124,156],"for":[45],"MQDOAs":[47],"considering":[49],"construction":[51,73],"regulations":[52],"is":[53,60,110,125],"proposed":[54,138],"this":[56],"paper.":[57],"This":[58],"composed":[61],"two":[63],"stages.":[64],"In":[65,119],"first":[67],"stage,":[68,122],"features":[70],"from":[71],"rules":[74],"MQDOAs,":[76],"including":[77],"normalized":[79],"symmetrical":[80],"distance":[81],"(NSD),":[82],"relative":[83],"height":[84,88],"(RH)":[85],"local":[87],"difference":[89],"(LHD),":[90],"are":[91],"extracted":[92],"alongside":[93],"regular":[95],"geometric":[96],"features.":[97],"lower":[99],"influence":[101],"differences,":[104],"multi-scale":[106],"feature":[107,116],"connection":[108],"strategy":[109],"also":[111],"applied":[112,126],"to":[113,127],"construct":[114],"classification":[117,162],"vector.":[118],"second":[121],"RF":[123],"classify":[128],"cloud.":[131],"verify":[133],"efficiency":[135],"method,":[139],"we":[140],"took":[141],"Hall":[143],"Complete":[145],"Harmony":[146],"as":[147],"study":[149],"case.":[150],"The":[151],"experiments":[152],"showed":[153],"that":[154],"our":[155],"achieved":[157],"result":[159],"overall":[161],"accuracy":[163],"reached":[165],"96.8%.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2022-04-03T00:00:00"}
