{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206725401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010045","title":"Improvement of Oracle Bone Inscription Recognition Accuracy: A Deep Learning Perspective","display_name":"Improvement of Oracle Bone Inscription Recognition Accuracy: A Deep Learning Perspective","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206725401","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11010045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/1/45/pdf?version=1641735088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/1/45/pdf?version=1641735088","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005225227","display_name":"Xuanming Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuanming Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103026076","display_name":"Zhengfeng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengfeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058328411","display_name":"Zhenbing Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9728-1114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenbing Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652601","display_name":"Yidan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7161-1584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yidan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102441039","display_name":"Qianting Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005225227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.0627,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92649423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"45"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7015851140022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6011393070220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5657854080200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.5082394480705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.48837369680404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.463569700717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.45737671852111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4160010516643524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3687517046928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09554722905158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08559128642082214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7015851140022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6011393070220947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5657854080200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.5082394480705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.48837369680404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.463569700717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.45737671852111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4160010516643524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3687517046928406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09554722905158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08559128642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11010045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/1/45/pdf?version=1641735088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47c9758cfbbe4076be9ec557667bdf96","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47c9758cfbbe4076be9ec557667bdf96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 45 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/11/1/45/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 11; Issue 1; Pages: 45","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi11010045","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010045","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/11/1/45/pdf?version=1641735088","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8181698950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1001800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328703","display_name":"Anyang Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02g9nss57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206725401.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206725401.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521556565","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2041625018","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2107939012","https://openalex.org/W2125792038","https://openalex.org/W2134670479","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2141504882","https://openalex.org/W2142113560","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2185824196","https://openalex.org/W2201988849","https://openalex.org/W2281200847","https://openalex.org/W2325428365","https://openalex.org/W2351821997","https://openalex.org/W2390331507","https://openalex.org/W2489523239","https://openalex.org/W2543979876","https://openalex.org/W2594034183","https://openalex.org/W2626685773","https://openalex.org/W2761765950","https://openalex.org/W2765982206","https://openalex.org/W6633075811","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6679792166","https://openalex.org/W7019554736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388180914","https://openalex.org/W2063708026","https://openalex.org/W2507888814","https://openalex.org/W3118925046","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"techniques":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"successfully":[5],"applied":[6],"in":[7,18,38,133],"handwriting":[8],"recognition.":[9,135],"Oracle":[10],"bone":[11,69],"inscriptions":[12,70],"(OBI)":[13],"are":[14,31],"the":[15,25,44,86,109,114,117,137,142],"earliest":[16],"hieroglyphs":[17],"China":[19],"and":[20,35,120],"valuable":[21,167],"resources":[22],"for":[23,52,169],"studying":[24],"etymology":[26],"of":[27,32,46,67,148,172],"Chinese":[28],"characters.":[29],"OBI":[30,47,74,134,139],"important":[33],"historical":[34],"cultural":[36],"value":[37],"China;":[39],"thus,":[40],"textual":[41],"research":[42],"surrounding":[43],"characters":[45],"is":[48],"a":[49,59,166],"huge":[50],"challenge":[51],"archaeologists.":[53],"In":[54,93],"this":[55,162],"work,":[56],"we":[57,95,124],"built":[58],"dataset":[60,77],"named":[61],"OBI-100,":[62],"which":[63,150],"contains":[64],"100":[65],"classes":[66],"oracle":[68],"collected":[71],"from":[72],"two":[73],"dictionaries.":[75],"The":[76],"includes":[78],"more":[79],"than":[80],"128,000":[81],"character":[82,170],"samples":[83],"related":[84],"to":[85,107],"natural":[87],"environment,":[88],"humans,":[89],"animals,":[90],"plants,":[91],"etc.":[92],"addition,":[94],"propose":[96],"improved":[97],"models":[98,129],"based":[99],"on":[100],"three":[101],"typical":[102],"deep":[103],"convolutional":[104],"network":[105,118],"structures":[106],"recognize":[108],"OBI-100":[110],"dataset.":[111],"By":[112],"modifying":[113],"parameters,":[115],"adjusting":[116],"structures,":[119],"adopting":[121],"optimization":[122],"strategies,":[123],"demonstrate":[125],"experimentally":[126],"that":[127,161],"these":[128],"perform":[130],"fairly":[131],"well":[132],"For":[136],"100-category":[138],"classification":[140],"task,":[141],"optimal":[143],"model":[144],"achieves":[145],"an":[146],"accuracy":[147],"99.5%,":[149],"shows":[151],"competitive":[152],"performance":[153],"compared":[154],"with":[155],"other":[156],"state-of-the-art":[157],"approaches.":[158],"We":[159],"hope":[160],"work":[163],"can":[164],"provide":[165],"tool":[168],"recognition":[171],"OBI.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2022-01-26T00:00:00"}
