{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194548628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080560","title":"Improving the Creation of Hot Spot Policing Patrol Routes: Comparing Cognitive Heuristic Performance to an Automated Spatial Computation Approach","display_name":"Improving the Creation of Hot Spot Policing Patrol Routes: Comparing Cognitive Heuristic Performance to an Automated Spatial Computation Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194548628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080560","mag":"3194548628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/560/pdf?version=1629278158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/560/pdf?version=1629278158","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059457338","display_name":"Spencer Chainey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-6805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Spencer P. Chainey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-6805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jill Dando Institute of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9EZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037288982","display_name":"Jhonata A. S. Matias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-6048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jhonata A. S. Matias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-6048","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050383839","display_name":"Francisco Carlos F. Nunes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-7854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Carlos F. Nunes Junior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6386-7854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046740619","display_name":"Ticiana L. Coelho da Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ticiana L. Coelho da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065118727","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f4nio Fernandes de Mac\u00eado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ant\u00f4nio F. de Mac\u00eado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056615439","display_name":"R\u00e9gis Pires Magalh\u00e3es","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-4750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regis P. Magalh\u00e3es","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6737-4750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075473605","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 F. de Queiroz Neto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7701-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 F. de Queiroz Neto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7701-0368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Insight Data Science Lab, Department of Computing, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Pici Campus, Block 952, Science Center, Pici, Fortaleza 60440-900, CE, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055249933","display_name":"Wellington Clay Porcino Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-4070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I880818075","display_name":"Federal Police of Brazil","ror":"https://ror.org/01hmd1y41","country_code":"BR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801200668","https://openalex.org/I4210115982","https://openalex.org/I880818075"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wellington C. P. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Police of Brazil, National Police Academy, Rodovia DF 001 KM\u201402 Setor Habitacional Taquari, Lago Norte, CEP, Bras\u00edlia 71559-900, DF, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4311-4070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Police of Brazil, National Police Academy, Rodovia DF 001 KM\u201402 Setor Habitacional Taquari, Lago Norte, CEP, Bras\u00edlia 71559-900, DF, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I880818075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059457338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.4295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93110041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"560","last_page":"560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-spot","display_name":"Hot spot (computer programming)","score":0.8890936374664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6443960070610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5654086470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5091235041618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4642307162284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crime-analysis","display_name":"Crime analysis","score":0.4555895924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3579806089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2473093867301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2031741738319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.17407476902008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.10907357931137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09228882193565369}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199672914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4241353","display_name":"Hot spot (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.8890936374664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6443960070610046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5654086470603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5091235041618347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4642307162284851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776876444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845200","display_name":"Crime analysis","level":2,"score":0.4555895924568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3579806089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2473093867301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2031741738319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.17407476902008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.10907357931137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09228882193565369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/560/pdf?version=1629278158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5aef3e48683c4efc8b81e47b7cad98a3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5aef3e48683c4efc8b81e47b7cad98a3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 560 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10133449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10133449/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information , 10  (8)    , Article 560. (2021)      ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/8/560/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 8; Pages: 560","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080560","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080560","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/560/pdf?version=1629278158","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194548628.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W300869227","https://openalex.org/W624458644","https://openalex.org/W1479955723","https://openalex.org/W1543672909","https://openalex.org/W1558200938","https://openalex.org/W1971316571","https://openalex.org/W2004672902","https://openalex.org/W2010726860","https://openalex.org/W2013690736","https://openalex.org/W2021204860","https://openalex.org/W2031236641","https://openalex.org/W2031346533","https://openalex.org/W2082790630","https://openalex.org/W2098620985","https://openalex.org/W2101047345","https://openalex.org/W2101047380","https://openalex.org/W2102614766","https://openalex.org/W2105085708","https://openalex.org/W2106467881","https://openalex.org/W2116884240","https://openalex.org/W2137258537","https://openalex.org/W2160677803","https://openalex.org/W2164183644","https://openalex.org/W2490480014","https://openalex.org/W2503128472","https://openalex.org/W2546505429","https://openalex.org/W2613754180","https://openalex.org/W2617292922","https://openalex.org/W2746800243","https://openalex.org/W2799260941","https://openalex.org/W2801500417","https://openalex.org/W2804288423","https://openalex.org/W2912060135","https://openalex.org/W2916358439","https://openalex.org/W2940887549","https://openalex.org/W2949826870","https://openalex.org/W2964787521","https://openalex.org/W2970239616","https://openalex.org/W3005610784","https://openalex.org/W3009454414","https://openalex.org/W3014302678","https://openalex.org/W3036572723","https://openalex.org/W3096794544","https://openalex.org/W3122564762","https://openalex.org/W3189686196","https://openalex.org/W4212843974","https://openalex.org/W4231445940","https://openalex.org/W4242925527","https://openalex.org/W4244225635","https://openalex.org/W6632495983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W167434428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hot":[0],"spot":[1,75,103,123,161],"policing":[2,76,104,124,162],"involves":[3,34],"the":[4,36,48,52,71,119,133,136,141,152],"deployment":[5],"of":[6,14,21,41,44,73,90,93,143],"police":[7,55],"patrols":[8],"to":[9,46,59],"places":[10],"where":[11],"high":[12],"levels":[13,92],"crime":[15,45,94,115],"have":[16],"previously":[17],"concentrated.":[18],"The":[19,79],"creation":[20,72],"patrol":[22,77,85,105,163],"routes":[23,53,86],"in":[24,111,130],"these":[25,144],"hot":[26,74,102,116,122,160],"spots":[27],"is":[28],"mainly":[29],"a":[30,66],"manual":[31,98],"process":[32],"that":[33,54,87,140,155],"using":[35,151],"results":[37],"from":[38,135],"an":[39,96],"analysis":[40],"spatial":[42],"patterns":[43],"identify":[47],"areas":[49,89],"and":[50,107],"draw":[51],"officers":[56],"are":[57,128],"required":[58],"patrol.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"article":[63],"we":[64,82,156],"introduce":[65,83,157],"computational":[67,80,153],"approach":[68,99],"for":[69,100,158],"automating":[70],"routes.":[78,164],"techniques":[81],"created":[84],"covered":[88,114],"higher":[91],"than":[95],"equivalent":[97],"creating":[101,159],"routes,":[106],"were":[108],"more":[109],"efficient":[110],"how":[112],"they":[113,127],"spots.":[117],"Although":[118],"evidence":[120],"on":[121],"interventions":[125,145],"shows":[126],"effective":[129],"decreasing":[131],"crime,":[132],"findings":[134],"current":[137],"research":[138],"suggest":[139],"impact":[142],"can":[146],"potentially":[147],"be":[148],"greater":[149],"when":[150],"approaches":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
