{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195869152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080551","title":"Development of a City-Scale Approach for Fa\u00e7ade Color Measurement with Building Functional Classification Using Deep Learning and Street View Images","display_name":"Development of a City-Scale Approach for Fa\u00e7ade Color Measurement with Building Functional Classification Using Deep Learning and Street View Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195869152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080551","mag":"3195869152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/551/pdf?version=1629766558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/551/pdf?version=1629766558","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414871","display_name":"Jiaxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6330-6723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6330-6723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041836482","display_name":"Tomohiro Fukuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-4445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomohiro Fukuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4271-4445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059468598","display_name":"Nobuyoshi Yabuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-4540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuyoshi Yabuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-4540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041836482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1515},"fwci":3.6079,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93168982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"8","first_page":"551","last_page":"551"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6249770522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6194769144058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facade","display_name":"Facade","score":0.5928215384483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5792260766029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5216727256774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-planning","display_name":"Urban planning","score":0.49682238698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-space","display_name":"Color space","score":0.4797167181968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4612099230289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44010522961616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4304147958755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4170989692211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.3469066023826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22621572017669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21200892329216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.18825942277908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.17406117916107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14225968718528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14223188161849976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6249770522117615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6194769144058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780113678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183061","display_name":"Facade","level":2,"score":0.5928215384483337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5792260766029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5216727256774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.49682238698005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2961294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166863","display_name":"Color space","level":3,"score":0.4797167181968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4612099230289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44010522961616516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4304147958755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4170989692211151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3469066023826599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22621572017669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21200892329216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.18825942277908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.17406117916107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14225968718528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14223188161849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/551/pdf?version=1629766558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:401c0368d3274b55b6d811c20023caa0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/401c0368d3274b55b6d811c20023caa0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, Vol 10, Iss 8, p 551 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2220-9964/10/8/551/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information; Volume 10; Issue 8; Pages: 551","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ijgi10080551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080551","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/10/8/551/pdf?version=1629766558","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764431341","display_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","issn_l":"2220-9964","issn":["2220-9964"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G26118758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP19K12681","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195869152.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195869152.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560978346","https://openalex.org/W1597784847","https://openalex.org/W1845074937","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1934453544","https://openalex.org/W2010797227","https://openalex.org/W2068781334","https://openalex.org/W2085009188","https://openalex.org/W2088344511","https://openalex.org/W2136922408","https://openalex.org/W2138852596","https://openalex.org/W2165107586","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2186222003","https://openalex.org/W2238676237","https://openalex.org/W2274287116","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2370555884","https://openalex.org/W2382249133","https://openalex.org/W2393372787","https://openalex.org/W2492956482","https://openalex.org/W2502546383","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2577513693","https://openalex.org/W2606927894","https://openalex.org/W2612737740","https://openalex.org/W2617647211","https://openalex.org/W2762186317","https://openalex.org/W2794191739","https://openalex.org/W2803542048","https://openalex.org/W2897088576","https://openalex.org/W2900149870","https://openalex.org/W2901439721","https://openalex.org/W2947698013","https://openalex.org/W2953139137","https://openalex.org/W2963123139","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2969792713","https://openalex.org/W2979262867","https://openalex.org/W3004865046","https://openalex.org/W3005786261","https://openalex.org/W3016719260","https://openalex.org/W3023044539","https://openalex.org/W3129048685","https://openalex.org/W3138359330","https://openalex.org/W3154561720","https://openalex.org/W4214704539","https://openalex.org/W4232694754","https://openalex.org/W4238732474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W194964019","https://openalex.org/W2027448362","https://openalex.org/W2261089677","https://openalex.org/W2101010475","https://openalex.org/W2096843629","https://openalex.org/W1943978607","https://openalex.org/W2186886946","https://openalex.org/W2988109329","https://openalex.org/W580323445","https://openalex.org/W2359191188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Precise":[0],"measuring":[1,17],"of":[2,16,46,94,137,174,188],"urban":[3,9,54,189,208],"fa\u00e7ade":[4,19,64,110,139,153,190],"color":[5,10,20,55,65,92,108,111,140,154,191],"is":[6],"necessary":[7],"for":[8,97,161,207],"planning.":[11,56,211],"The":[12,177],"existing":[13],"manual":[14],"methods":[15,37],"building":[18,48,68,87,119,143,159,193],"are":[21],"limited":[22],"by":[23],"time":[24],"and":[25,28,52,76,89,114,142,166,172,192,210],"labor":[26],"costs":[27],"hardly":[29],"carried":[30],"out":[31],"on":[32],"a":[33,60,107,115,199],"city":[34,182],"scale.":[35],"These":[36],"also":[38],"make":[39],"it":[40],"challenging":[41],"to":[42,63,85,133,151,203],"identify":[43],"the":[44,47,91,95,99,123,130,135,138,158,167,170,175],"role":[45],"function":[49,144,194],"in":[50,164,198],"controlling":[51],"guiding":[53],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"explores":[59],"city-scale":[61,196],"approach":[62,150,179],"measurement":[66,112,141],"with":[67,157,184],"functional":[69],"classification":[70,120,160],"using":[71],"state-of-the-art":[72],"deep":[73,117],"learning":[74],"techniques":[75],"street":[77,101],"view":[78,102],"images.":[79,103],"Firstly,":[80],"we":[81,105,147],"used":[82,128],"semantic":[83],"segmentation":[84],"extract":[86],"fa\u00e7ades":[88],"conducted":[90],"calibration":[93],"photos":[96],"pre-processing":[98],"collected":[100],"Then,":[104],"proposed":[106,178],"chart-based":[109],"method":[113],"multi-label":[116],"learning-based":[118],"method.":[121],"Next,":[122],"field":[124],"survey":[125],"data":[126],"were":[127],"as":[129],"ground":[131],"truth":[132],"verify":[134],"accuracy":[136],"classification.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"applied":[148],"our":[149],"generate":[152],"distribution":[155],"maps":[156],"three":[162],"metropolises":[163],"China,":[165],"results":[168],"proved":[169],"transferability":[171],"effectiveness":[173],"scheme.":[176],"can":[180],"provide":[181],"managers":[183],"an":[185],"overall":[186],"perception":[187],"across":[195],"areas":[197],"cost-efficient":[200],"way,":[201],"contributing":[202],"data-driven":[204],"decision":[205],"making":[206],"analytics":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2021-08-30T00:00:00"}